Carbopol emulgel loaded with ebastine for urticaria: development, characterization,in vitroandin vivoevaluation

Abstract

Urticaria affects all age groups of a population. It is triggered by allergens in foods, insect bites, medications, and environmental conditions. Urticaria is characterized by itching, a burning sensation, wheals and flares, erythema, and localized edema. The aim of this study was to develop a polymeric dosage form of ebastine using Carbopol 940 and mixture of span and tween. The emulsion was prepared, the gelling agent was added and the desired emulgel loaded with active drug was formulated. The formulations were subjected to physical stability, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content analysis, thermal analysis, in vitro drug release, and in vivo anti-allergic activity in animal model. The formulated emulgel exhibited good physical stability. The pH of the formulation was in the range of 5.2 ± 0.17 to 5.5 ± 0.20 which is suitable for topical application. Insignificant changes ( p > .05) were observed in viscosity and spreadability of stored emulgels. The drug content was in the official limit of Pharmacopeia (i.e. 100 ± 10%). DSC measurements predicted that there is no interaction between the active moiety and excipients in emulgel formulation. The optimized formulation (ES3) released 74.25 ± 1.8% of ebastine after 12 h. The ebastine emulgel showed significant ( p < .05; ANOVA) in vivo anti-allergic activity as compared to commercial product Benadryl ® in histamine-induced allergy in rabbits. This study concluded that a topical drug delivery of ebastine-loaded emulgel could be well tolerated and safe for the treatment of urticaria/hives.

Er:YAG Laser Physical Etching and Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Cross-Linked Sodium Polyacrylate Chemical Etching for a Reliable Dentin Dry Bonding

“…Carbo had little effect on L929 fibroblasts in vitro. Because Carbo (Carbopol 980NF, Pharmacopeia/National Formulary) from Lubrizol Corporation is produced using a more toxicological preferred solvent such as a cosolvent mixture of ethyl acetate, it has been widely used in drug delivery and drug load due to its biosafety . Carbo could be a potentially biocompatible chelator in dentin adhesion in the future.…”

“…Because Carbo (Carbopol 980NF, Pharmacopeia/National Formulary) from Lubrizol Corporation is produced using a more toxicological preferred solvent such as a cosolvent mixture of ethyl acetate, it has been widely used in drug delivery and drug load due to its biosafety. 30 Carbo could be a potentially biocompatible chelator in dentin adhesion in the future. For in vivo evaluation, we designed a deep dentin defect model in rabbits to investigate the pulp response, when the etch-and-rinse adhesive system was applied.…”

“…Its molecular weight is far larger than 40 kDa, and it has an average molar mass of 76 per carboxyl group resulting in strong capability to chelate calcium ions . It is commercially accessible, of low toxicity, is biodegradable, and commonly used in biomedicine. , Therefore, Carbo is an ideal candidate selected as chelator polymer to test the concept of extrafibrillar demineralization and evaluate its bonding performance based on Carbo demineralization.…”

“…29 It is commercially accessible, of low toxicity, is biodegradable, and commonly used in biomedicine. 30,31 Therefore, Carbo is an ideal candidate selected as chelator polymer to test the concept of extrafibrillar demineralization and evaluate its bonding performance based on Carbo demineralization.…”

Formulation and evaluation of a novel herbal trio gel containing flax seed extract, carbopol and carboxymethyl cellulose

“…It has been shown to be a good source of omega 3 PUFA, which act as modulators of cell signalling, gene expression, and inflammatory processes [ 15 ][ 16 ]. Because of its high cysteine and methionine content, it is widely known for its hydroxyl radical scavenging and anti-oxidant activities [ 16 , 17 ]. Previous study has demonstrated that flax seed possesses anti-oxidant and anti-microbial effects against gram-positive pathogens.…”