Carboxymethylation of an exopolysaccharide from Lachnum and effect of its derivatives on experimental chronic renal failure

Wu, Yanna; Ye, Ming; Du, Zhanzhan; Jing, Lianyan; Surhio, Maheen Mahwish; Liu, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.075

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The results are probably related to the introduction of carboxyl groups and sulfenyl groups, which changed the structure of LEP and decreased the intermolecular/intramolecular hydrogen bonds. 43…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide from Lachnum YM240 and its derivatives in mice, induced by a high fat diet and low dose STZ

Wang

Hou

et al. 2017

Med. Chem. Commun.

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Carboxymethylated and sulfated polysaccharides (CLEP and SLEP) were prepared from an exopolysaccharide previously obtained from YM240 (LEP) by chemical modifications. Two doses (50 mg kg and 200 mg kg b. w.) of LEP, CLEP and SLEP were orally administered to normal mice and type 2 diabetic mice (T2DM) that were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and a high fat diet, respectively. The hypoglycemic effect was evaluated by testing the oral glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, fasting serum insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the hypolipidemic effect was evaluated by the body, spleen, pancreas, liver and kidney weights, as well as serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFA). After four weeks of administration, LEP, CLEP and SLEP showed a marked FBG fall rate of 11.2%, 44.0% and 42.5% for the high-dose and 7.43%, 38.5% and 33.1% for the low-dose, respectively, as compared to the DC group. Moreover, compared with DC mice, TC concentrations in the high-dose groups of LEP, CLEP and SLEP were significantly decreased by 29.6%, 38.7% ( < 0.05), 33.0% ( < 0.05), and TG concentrations decreased by 18.9%, 43.9% ( < 0.01), 29.0% ( < 0.05), respectively. In addition, LEP and the derivatives significantly upregulated the expression of glucokinase (GK) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver, AMPK and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) in skeletal muscle and peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) in adipose tissue, whereas downregulated the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) in the liver; these were examined using ELISA detection kits. These results for FBG and serum lipids indicate that LEP and its derivatives possess significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and carboxymethylation improved the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects more effectively than sulfation. Therefore, the carboxymethylated and sulfated modifications were effective ways to enhance the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of polysaccharides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide from Lachnum YM240 and its derivatives in mice, induced by a high fat diet and low dose STZ

Wang

Hou

et al. 2017

Med. Chem. Commun.

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“…Some macromolecular polysaccharides (cellulose, scleroglucan, and pachymaran) are difficult to induce bioactivities because of poor water solubility. Thus, the way to increase their biochemical activities is to promote water solubility (Wuand others ). This has been shown by some existing reports about the successful carboxymethylation of cellulose (Zeller and others ; Chen and others ), scleroglucan (Lee and others ), and chitin (Machovaand others ), through which water solubility is obviously increased as well as their bioactivities.…”

Section: Major Methods Of Molecular Modification Of Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Modification of Polysaccharides and Resulting Bioactivities

Xiong

Lai

et al. 2015

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

415

172

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Polysaccharides are ideal natural resources for supplements and pharmaceuticals that have received more and more attention over the years. Natural polysaccharides have been shown to have fewer side effects, but because of their inherently physicochemical properties, their bioactivities were difficult to compare with those of synthetic drugs. Thus, researchers have modified the structures and properties of natural polysaccharides based on structure-activity relationships and have obtained better functionally improved polysaccharides. This review focuses on the major modification methods of polysaccharides, and discusses the effect of molecular modification on their physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Molecular modification methods mainly include chemical, physical, and biological changes. Chemical modification is the most widely used method; it can significantly increase the water solubility and bioactivities of polysaccharides by grafting onto other groups. Physical and biological modifications only change the molecular weight of a polysaccharide, and thereby change its physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Most of the molecular modifications bring about an increase in the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides, and among these, sulfated and acetylated modifications are very common. Furthermore, phosphorylation modification is the most common application to increase antitumor activity, and modified polysaccharides have been shown to have anti-HIV activity as the result of sulfated modification.

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“…The polysaccharide of Cordyceps gunnii was the α-polysaccharide type, with a glycosidic bond, mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose Zhu et al [202]; Zhu et al [45] Grifola frondosa Fungi G. frondosa polysaccharides contain glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and ribose, with high amounts of (1→3,1→6)-β-D-glucans, which would account for 13.2% of water-soluble polysaccharides Bae et al [117]; He et al [131] Lachnum Fungi Polysaccharide of Lachnum YM261(LEPS-1) is considered homogenous with a molecular weight of 21,670 Da, with its glucan linked by β-(1→3)-D-pyran glycosidic bond Wu et al [195]; Ye et al [199] Dictyophora indusiata Fungi Polysaccharide (DIP) extracted from Dictyophora indusiata indicated a specific polysaccharide of (1→3)β-D-glucan with (1→6)-β-glucopyranoside side chains Deng et al [187]; Deng et al [188]…”

Section: Cordyceps Gunni Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide Effects on Natural-Sourced Polysacchrides: Free Radical Formation/Production, Degradation Process, and Reaction Mechanism—A Critical Synopsis

Ofoedu

You

Iwouno

et al. 2021

Foods

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Numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS) entities exist, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is very key among them as it is well known to possess a stable but poor reactivity capable of generating free radicals. Considered among reactive atoms, molecules, and compounds with electron-rich sites, free radicals emerging from metabolic reactions during cellular respirations can induce oxidative stress and cause cellular structure damage, resulting in diverse life-threatening diseases when produced in excess. Therefore, an antioxidant is needed to curb the overproduction of free radicals especially in biological systems (in vivo and in vitro). Despite the inherent properties limiting its bioactivities, polysaccharides from natural sources increasingly gain research attention given their position as a functional ingredient. Improving the functionality and bioactivity of polysaccharides have been established through degradation of their molecular integrity. In this critical synopsis; we articulate the effects of H2O2 on the degradation of polysaccharides from natural sources. Specifically, the synopsis focused on free radical formation/production, polysaccharide degradation processes with H2O2, the effects of polysaccharide degradation on the structural characteristics; physicochemical properties; and bioactivities; in addition to the antioxidant capability. The degradation mechanisms involving polysaccharide’s antioxidative property; with some examples and their respective sources are briefly summarised.

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Carboxymethylation of an exopolysaccharide from Lachnum and effect of its derivatives on experimental chronic renal failure

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide from Lachnum YM240 and its derivatives in mice, induced by a high fat diet and low dose STZ

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of a polysaccharide from Lachnum YM240 and its derivatives in mice, induced by a high fat diet and low dose STZ

Molecular Modification of Polysaccharides and Resulting Bioactivities

Hydrogen Peroxide Effects on Natural-Sourced Polysacchrides: Free Radical Formation/Production, Degradation Process, and Reaction Mechanism—A Critical Synopsis

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