Carburized In₂O₃ Nanorods Endow CO₂ Electroreduction to Formate at 1 A cm^–2

Abstract

The double high index of current density and Faradaic efficiency in carbon dioxide electroreduction is a great challenge. Herein, we synthesized carburized indium oxide nanorods (In 2 O 3 -C) by pyrolysis of the metal−organic framework (MOF) precursor ]. The electronic structure of In was regulated, and the localization of negative charges was increased on the surface of the In 2 O 3 -C catalyst, resulting in a high Faradaic efficiency of 97.2% at −1.0 V vs RHE and above 90% in a wide potential range of 500 mV. Furthermore, it reached a current density of −1.0 A•cm −2 in the flow cell for producing formate efficiently. The complete reaction path from CO 2 to formate on In 2 O 3 -C was in situ investigated by attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared adsorption spectroscopy and 2D/ 3D surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Advanced Catalyst Design and Reactor Configuration Upgrade in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Conversion

“…[50,256] Benefitting from the better mass transfer characteristics and shorter diffusion path, the current density can reach over 1.0 A cm −2 . [257] Flow-type electrolyzers can be divided into three categories according to the electrolyte at the cathode for the CO 2 RR, namely, liquid-phase flow cells, gas-phase flow cells, and solid-state flow cells.…”

Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over In Alloy Electrodes and Depth‐Profiled Interfacial Electronic Structures

“…This element has been extensively used in electrochemical CO 2 reduction (EC CO 2 RR) to produce formate/formic acid [1–5] . Pure In and In‐based alloys or hybrids have been synthesized with diverse morphologies and compositions, and tested to demonstrate high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and selectivity for formate production [6–35] . Various bimetallic indium‐based alloys and hybrids, including InSn, [9,10] InPb, [11] InAg, [12] InCu, [13–15] In‐doped Bi subcarbonate, [16] In‐based metal‐organic framework, [17] and CuO (InO x @CuO), [18] have been developed with the goal of improving performance.…”

Advances and challenges in single-site catalysts towards electrochemical CO2 methanation

“…In situ Raman spectroscopy is an effective technique for studying the catalyst structure and reaction intermediates during the Energy & Environmental Science Review CO 2 RR. [141][142][143] Raman spectroscopy involves the analysis of the inelastic scattering of light, providing information about the vibrational modes and molecular structure of the species present in a system. In situ Raman spectroscopy allows for realtime monitoring of the reaction intermediates and products, but is not commonly used in CO 2 reduction because of the particularly low intermediate concentration.…”