Carcinogenicity allergenicity and lupus-inducibility of arylamines

Abstract

Arylamines are widely used in food, drugs, and cosmetics as well as other industries. These chemicals are present ubiquitously in cigarette smoke, smoke emitted from cooking fume hoods as well as are generated by diverse industries. Arylamines can be generated by cleavage of azo dyes by intestinal and skin microbiota. Some arylamines are used as drugs while others are constituents of human metabolism. Many of the arylamines are mutagenic and carcinogenic. They are generally recognized as the major cause of human bladder cancer, but arylamines can induce cancers of other organs in humans and animals. Some arylamines are allergenic, causing lupus like syndrome, or other maladies. In view of their unbiquitious nature and the diseases they cause, arylamines are probably the most important chemicals causing health problems.

Hemoglobin Adducts and Urinary Metabolites of Arylamines and Nitroarenes

“…Several arylamines were found in hair dyes including N -methylaniline, aniline, diphenylamine, 2MA, 3MA, 4MA, 2-methoxyaniline, 4-chloroaniline, 2-aminophenol, 1- and 2-naphthylamine, and 4-nitroaniline, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-phenylenediamine (14PDA), 3-aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, 2,4-, 2,6-, and 3,4-toluenediamine (34TDA), 4ABP, 4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine, and 2-nitro-1,4-phenylenediamine. Arylamines are moderately to extremely toxic. ,, The main health hazards linked to arylamine exposure are methemoglobinemia (metHb) and cancer . These toxic effects are caused by N-oxidized metabolites of arylamines. − …”