Carcinogenicity of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds

Kennedy, Gerald L.; Symons, James M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_12

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Toxicological effects are generally concordant with human epidemiology data, and recent studies suggest that dietary factors (high-fat Western human diet versus low-fat standard laboratory rodent diet) may contribute to differences in effects on lipid metabolism observed in rodents versus humans [ 40 , 41 ]. In chronic rodent carcinogenicity studies, PFOA and PFOS caused tumors while perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), a six-carbon carboxylate which is more rapidly excreted, did not [ 42 ]. Toxicity that persists into adulthood from low-dose prenatal or neonatal exposures to some PFAAs is of particular concern.…”

Section: Scientific Information Considered In Developing Pfaa Drinkinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key scientific issues in developing drinking water guidelines for perfluoroalkyl acids: Contaminants of emerging concern

2017

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Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a group of synthetic organic chemicals with industrial and commercial uses, are of current concern because of increasing awareness of their presence in drinking water and their potential to cause adverse health effects. PFAAs are distinctive among persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) contaminants because they are water soluble and do not break down in the environment. This commentary discusses scientific and risk assessment issues that impact the development of drinking water guidelines for PFAAs, including choice of toxicological endpoints, uncertainty factors, and exposure assumptions used as their basis. In experimental animals, PFAAs cause toxicity to the liver, the immune, endocrine, and male reproductive systems, and the developing fetus and neonate. Low-dose effects include persistent delays in mammary gland development (perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOA) and suppression of immune response (perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFOS). In humans, even general population level exposures to some PFAAs are associated with health effects such as increased serum lipids and liver enzymes, decreased vaccine response, and decreased birth weight. Ongoing exposures to even relatively low drinking water concentrations of long-chain PFAAs substantially increase human body burdens, which remain elevated for many years after exposure ends. Notably, infants are a sensitive subpopulation for PFAA’s developmental effects and receive higher exposures than adults from the same drinking water source. This information, as well as emerging data from future studies, should be considered in the development of health-protective and scientifically sound guidelines for PFAAs in drinking water.

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Section: Scientific Information Considered In Developing Pfaa Drinkinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key scientific issues in developing drinking water guidelines for perfluoroalkyl acids: Contaminants of emerging concern

2017

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“…Moreover, adverse immune outcomes have been reported in children; in particular, PFOS is associated with decreased antibody response at vaccination and reduced birth weight (EFSA, 2018;Liew, Goudarzi, & Oulhote, 2018). Epidemiological data do not provide sufficient indications for PFOS and PFOA carcinogenicity in humans (EFSA, 2020;Kennedy, & Symons, 2015). However, some studies have reported evidence of carcinogenicity, although these are limited to individuals exposed to extremely high PFAS concentrations due to occupational hazard (Sunderland et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in eggs from backyard chickens reared in Italy

et al. 2021

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“…Follow-up studies showed negative influences of PFASs on human metabolism and linked higher rates of physiologic diseases (e.g., lipid profile, diabetes or hypertension) [ 17 , 18 ]. In addition, several reports point out the possible interconnection of long-term PFOA and PFOS uptake and resulting organ damage or higher cancer rates, respectively [ 19 , 20 ]. The increasing number of scientific reports and proper investigations about the environmental impact and toxicity of PFASs eventually led to political debates and restriction on production, distribution and use of single PFASs in consumer products [ 10 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive Defluorination and Mechanochemical Decomposition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): From Present Knowledge to Future Remediation Concepts

Roesch

Vogel

Simon

2020

IJERPH

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Over the past two decades, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged as worldwide environmental contaminants, calling out for sophisticated treatment, decomposition and remediation strategies. In order to mineralize PFAS pollutants, the incineration of contaminated material is a state-of-the-art process, but more cost-effective and sustainable technologies are inevitable for the future. Within this review, various methods for the reductive defluorination of PFASs were inspected. In addition to this, the role of mechanochemistry is highlighted with regard to its major potential in reductive defluorination reactions and degradation of pollutants. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of the involved reactions, their mechanistic pathways are pointed out. Comparisons between existing PFAS decomposition reactions and reductive approaches are discussed in detail, regarding their applicability in possible remediation processes. This article provides a solid overview of the most recent research methods and offers guidelines for future research directions.

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Carcinogenicity of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds

Cited by 6 publications

References 82 publications

Key scientific issues in developing drinking water guidelines for perfluoroalkyl acids: Contaminants of emerging concern

Key scientific issues in developing drinking water guidelines for perfluoroalkyl acids: Contaminants of emerging concern

Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in eggs from backyard chickens reared in Italy

Reductive Defluorination and Mechanochemical Decomposition of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): From Present Knowledge to Future Remediation Concepts

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