“…Reconstructive valve replacement surgery has been reported to be of obvious value for patients with advanced heart disease and right ventricular failure, with low mortality in young persons but high risk in patients older than 60 years of age [8,11,12,13, 15]. During cardiac surgery, risks for carcinoid crisis may be high because patients often require vasoactive medication to support the circulatory system, which may trigger carcinoid crisis.…”