2019
DOI: 10.14503/thij-17-6562
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Carcinoid Heart Disease: Review of Current Knowledge

Abstract: Carcinoid heart disease is the collective term for all cardiac manifestations in patients who have carcinoid syndrome. Carcinoid heart disease has a multifactorial pathophysiology, and the right side of the heart is usually involved. Symptoms and signs vary depending upon the affected cardiac components; most typical is right-sided heart failure secondary to diseased tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Despite no single ideal diagnostic test, strong suspicion, coupled with serologic and imaging results, usually en… Show more

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Cited by 63 publications
(128 citation statements)
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“…In many patients, the cause of death is attributed directly to cardiac disease. 5-HT is inactivated in the lungs so left-heart involvement is rare and may indicate an intra-atrial shunt [14][15]. Uncommonly, CS may cause bronchoconstriction.…”
Section: Pathophysiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In many patients, the cause of death is attributed directly to cardiac disease. 5-HT is inactivated in the lungs so left-heart involvement is rare and may indicate an intra-atrial shunt [14][15]. Uncommonly, CS may cause bronchoconstriction.…”
Section: Pathophysiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy alone or in combination with other imaging modalities led to the detection of more tumor sites than any combination of imaging studies [33]. Echocardiography (TTE): TTE should be performed in all patients with carcinoid syndrome and a high suspicion for cardiac involvement consistent with clinical features such as cardiac murmurs, raised brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), or pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) with or without thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets and pulmonary valve cusps with associated tricuspid regurgitation [34]. Transesophageal echocardiography provides a better assessment of the degree of valvular involvement and the atrial septal anatomy.…”
Section: Laboratorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Carcinoid heart disease is the most feared complication of carcinoid syndrome. It is characterized by a fibrotic degeneration of the valves, particularly affecting the right heart chambers-isolated tricuspid valve regurgitation in up to 90% of cases-leading to a deterioration of the right ventricular function [38,44,45]. Carcinoid heart disease is detected in approximately 40% of patients with a carcinoid syndrome [44].…”
Section: Cardiac Evaluationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The February 2019 issue of the Journal included an excellent review of carcinoid heart disease (HD) by Ram and colleagues. 1 Practitioners may not be aware that pheochromocytoma, another neuroendocrine tumor, can also cause substantial cardiac injuries. There are important differences between cardiomyopathy in carcinoid HD and pheochromocytoma-induced cardiomyopathy.…”
Section: To the Editormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Carcinoid HD usually involves only the tricuspid valve and right ventricle. 1 Pheochromocytoma manifests itself in a much wider spectrum of cardiac abnormalities, such as myocarditis, congestive heart failure, left ventricular thrombus, arrhythmia, and cardiac arrest; however, the cardiac valves are spared. [2][3][4] Carcinoid HD is a late manifestation of carcinoid tumor after extensive liver metastasis; therefore, the prognosis is poor.…”
Section: To the Editormentioning
confidence: 99%