Carcinoid-Islet Cell Tumors Of The Duodenum

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Gastroduodenal Neoplasms

“…In older studies reporting on the five types of d-NENs, duodenal gastrinomas were the most frequent (mean 48.3% of all d-NENs, range 27-58%, 9 series) [6,8,41,42,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58] , followed by somatostatinomas (mean 43 8 6%, range 23-75%, 9 series), non-functional serotonin-containing tumors (mean 27.6 8 7.2%, 6 series), non-functional calcitonin-containing NETs (mean 9 8 2.5%, 4 series) [6] , and finally rare gangliocytic paragangliomas or NE carcinomas.…”

“…More than 90% of all d-NENs arise in the first and second part of the duodenum [6,52,53,55,57] . This has been well studied for duodenal gastrinomas [7,8,41,52,53,55,56,58,59] where 58% arise in D1, 33% arise in D2, 5% in D3 and 4% in D4 [60][61][62][63][64] .…”

“…This has been well studied for duodenal gastrinomas [7,8,41,52,53,55,56,58,59] where 58% arise in D1, 33% arise in D2, 5% in D3 and 4% in D4 [60][61][62][63][64] . Approximately 20% (mean 18 8 5%, 6 series) of d-NENs occur in the periampullary region [6] .…”

“…d-NENs are generally single lesions with multiple tumors detected in only 9 8 3% (5 series) [6,42,52,[55][56][57] . Multiple tumors should lead to a suspicion of MEN-1.…”

Idiosyncracies of Parathyroid Hyperfunction

“…1). Other cells, principally the argentaffin cells [II,12,14,16], which are so ubiquitous clinically, are related in their action in that they, too. have the capacity to develop into a wide variety of peptide-producing endocrine tumors ( fig.…”