Carcinoid Tumor of the Middle Ear

Gf, Murphy; Bz, Pilch; Gr, Dickersin; Ml, Goodman; Jb, Nadol

doi:10.1093/ajcp/73.6.816

Cited by 119 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Middle ear adenoma was recognized as a distinctive ''adenomatous'' lesion separate from adenocarcinomas of the middle ear by Hyams and Michaels in 1976 [43]. Although some microscopic similarities of these tumors to ''carcinoids'' had been observed by Fayemi and Toker [43], it was until 1980 that Murphy et al [44] documented argyrophilic granules and neurosecretory-type granules in one of these neoplasms in a manuscript entitled ''Carcinoid Tumor of the Middle Ear''. Following these publications, numerous case reports and small series using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy have confirmed a mixed or dual exocrine and neuroendocrine differentiation in these neoplasms [45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: The 2005 World Health Organization (Who)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Head and Neck: Some Suggestions for the New WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors

Chetty

Perez-Ordoñez

2014

Head and Neck Pathol

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Section: The 2005 World Health Organization (Who)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Head and Neck: Some Suggestions for the New WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors

Chetty

Perez-Ordoñez

2014

Head and Neck Pathol

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“…There have been several publications dealing with so-called carcinoid tumors of the middle ear (25)(26)(27)(28)(29). It seems clear that these lesions are better interpreted as middle ear adenomas (MEA).…”

Section: "Carcinoid" Of the Middle Earmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroectodermal Neoplasms of the Head and Neck with Emphasis on Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

2002

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Tumors exhibiting neuroectodermal differentiation occur throughout the body, and the diverse tissues of the head and neck give rise to a wide assortment of these neoplasms. Neuroectodermal neoplasms may be divided into lesions showing primarily epithelial differentiation (Group I, neuroendocrine carcinomas) and a more diverse group (Group II) of nonepithelial neoplasms. This article reviews these neuroectodermal tumors of the head and neck with emphasis on the neuroendocrine carcinomas and their nomenclature. The author believes that with regard to Group I tumors, the older terminology of carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, and small cell carcinoma should be replaced by subclassifications of well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. The latter category should be further subdivided into small cell and large cell variants. Neuroendocrine carcinomas, particularly the moderately differentiated subtype, are often underdiagnosed in the head and neck region. In the larynx, these tumors are the most common form of nonsquamous carcinoma. Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of small cell type is most common in the salivary glands but can occur elsewhere in the region. The large cell subtype of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma has not been well documented in this region. However, the most likely candidate for this tumor category is the so-called sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. Group II tumors discussed include olfactory neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. In addition, differential diagnostic problems related to Group I and II tumors are reviewed in detail. This article reviews and updates our understanding of neuroectodermal neoplasms arising in the head and neck. The focus is on tumors that exclusively involve this region or show a strong predilection to occur here.

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“…3 The spectrum of differentiation depends on the exocrine (mucinous) and/or neuroendocrine components defined by histologic and immunohistochemical examination. 5 It is believed that the different names given to the neuroendocrine lesions of the middle ear (carcinoid tumor, 6 adenoma, 1,2 , adenomatous tumor of the middle ear, 2 low-grade adenocarcinoma, 7 monomorphic adenoma and ceruminoma 8 ) represent the same tumor with different degrees of glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation. 3 Torske and Thompson 3 have suggested that carcinoids and adenomas of the middle ear are the same tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others believe that middle ear carcinoid has metastatic potential, so it should be considered as a low-grade malignancy. 6,4 The differential diagnosis of benign tumors of the middle ear includes middle ear adenoma, paraganglioma, schwannoma, retrotympanic vascular masses, ceruminal gland adenomas, endolymphatic sac tumor, schneiderian-type mucosal papilloma, and lipoma. However, one should also include meningioma, which extends to the middle ear; chronic otitis media; acquired cholesteatoma; and epidermoid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Ear Adenoma: A Challenging Diagnosis

Zan

Limb²,

Koehler

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:Middle ear adenomas are rare benign tumors, which can easily be mistaken for other conditions radiologically. They derive from the middle ear mucosa. We report the case of a 48-year-old man with a history of decreased left-sided hearing and intermittent pulsatile tinnitus. High-resolution CT of the temporal bones revealed a well-defined left middle ear soft-tissue attenuation abutting the head of the malleus. Surgical excision revealed a middle ear adenoma. Since middle ear adenomas were first described by Hyams and Michaels 1 in 1976 and later that year by Derlacki and Barney, 2 they have become one of the unusual entities listed in the differential diagnosis of a middle ear mass. The clinical presentation and otoscopic and radiologic findings are nonspecific. Definitive diagnosis is based on histologic and immunohistochemical examination. 3 We report the case of a 48-year-old man with a history of left ear progressive symptoms, whose initial radiologic diagnosis favored glomus tympanicum versus cholesteatoma. Case ReportA 48-year-old man presented with a history of left ear progressive symptoms for 18 months (decreased hearing, intermittent pulsatile tinnitus, and a sensation of water in the ear canal, which did not clear with the nasal Valsalva maneuver). His otoscopic examination revealed a white smooth teardrop-shaped mass deep to the tympanic membrane, but the tympanic membrane and the external auditory canal were unremarkable. His audiogram showed a mild mixed hearing loss. On reviewing the middle ear through a binocular operating microscope, we found what appeared to be a large smooth fleshcolored mass, which arose to the level of the malleus. Insufflating the external auditory canal with air, we found that the mass appeared to blanch and return to its fleshy color once the pressure was stopped. Due to this finding and the absence of tympanic membrane perforation or chronic ear infection, the patient was referred for a temporal bone CT and octreotide scanning of the head and neck for a probable diagnosis of glomus tympanicum.Dedicated temporal CT of the left ear revealed a 1.0 ϫ 0.5 cm well-defined lobulated homogeneous soft-tissue-attenuation mass centered at the left cochlear promontory, which extended into the hypotympanum and filled the round window niche and the sinus tympani and also extended over the pyramidal eminence lying directly adjacent to the mastoid portion of the facial nerve. The lesion abutted the head of the malleus without vestibular, cochlear, or frank bony involvement. The octreotide scan demonstrated a left middle ear focus of intense radiotracer activity, most compatible with a neuroendocrine tumor; and on the basis of the findings of CT, the provisional diagnosis was a glomus tympanicum (Figs 1 and 2).The patient underwent surgery, during which the middle ear mass was resected by using a transmastoid and transcanal approach to the middle ear space, including facial recess dissection. The mass directly abutted not only the malleus but also the stapes, with no evidence of e...

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Carcinoid Tumor of the Middle Ear

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Head and Neck: Some Suggestions for the New WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Head and Neck: Some Suggestions for the New WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors

Neuroectodermal Neoplasms of the Head and Neck with Emphasis on Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Middle Ear Adenoma: A Challenging Diagnosis

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