Carcinoid Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Trends in Incidence in England Since 1971

Ellis, Libby; Shale, Matthew; Coleman, Michel P

doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.341

Cited by 238 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Their incidence is steadily increasing; in males, 2.7-fold overall change to 0.46 per 100,000 per year in England for the period 1971(Ellis et al 2010) and from 0.38 to 1.08 per 100,000 for the period 1973-2007 based on the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry in the United States , Fraenkel et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs associated with small bowel neuroendocrine tumours and their metastases

Miller¹,

Frampton²,

Malczewska³

et al. 2016

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Novel molecular analytes are needed in small bowel neuroendocrine tumours (SBNETs) to better determine disease aggressiveness and predict treatment response. In this study, we aimed to profile the global miRNome of SBNETs, and identify microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in tumour progression for use as potential biomarkers. Two independent miRNA profiling experiments were performed (n = 90), including primary SBNETs (n = 28), adjacent normal small bowel (NSB; n = 14), matched lymph node (LN) metastases (n = 24), normal LNs (n = 7), normal liver (n = 2) and liver metastases (n = 15). We then evaluated potentially targeted genes by performing integrated computational analyses. We discovered 39 miRNAs significantly deregulated in SBNETs compared with adjacent NSB. The most upregulated (miR-204-5p, miR-7-5p and miR-375) were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Two miRNAs (miR-1 and miR-143-3p) were significantly downregulated in LN and liver metastases compared with primary tumours. Furthermore, we identified upregulated gene targets for miR-1 and miR-143-3p in an existing SBNET dataset, which could contribute to disease progression, and show that these miRNAs directly regulate FOSB and NUAK2 oncogenes. Our study represents the largest global miRNA profiling of SBNETs using matched primary tumour and metastatic samples. We revealed novel miRNAs deregulated during SBNET disease progression, and important miRNA-mRNA interactions. These miRNAs have the potential to act as biomarkers for patient stratification and may also be able to guide treatment decisions. Further experiments to define molecular mechanisms and validate these miRNAs in larger tissue cohorts and in biofluids are now warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs associated with small bowel neuroendocrine tumours and their metastases

Miller¹,

Frampton²,

Malczewska³

et al. 2016

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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“…Owing to its vague and bizarre presentations, primary appendiceal cancer cannot be diagnosed preoperatively and is diagnosed in only 0.9%-1.4% of appendectomy specimens. Carcinoid tumours have been reported to be the most frequent primary tumours of appendix, accounting for 32%-85% of all appendiceal tumours, followed by adenocarcinomas that comprise further 4%-6% of tumours [2]. Appendiceal adenocarcinomas are extremely aggressive tumours behaving similar to that of colonic adenocarcinomas, requiring right hemicolectomy for curative intent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Do We Still Need to Perform Routine Histological Examination of Appendectomy Specimens?

Guraya¹

2015

JCDR

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Appendiceal cancer is exceedingly rare,accounting for 0.5% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms with the age-adjusted incidence of 0.12 case per 1,000,000 people per year [1]. Owing to its vague and bizarre presentations, primary appendiceal cancer cannot be diagnosed preoperatively and is diagnosed in only 0.9%-1.4% of appendectomy specimens. Carcinoid tumours have been reported to be the most frequent primary tumours of appendix, accounting for 32%-85% of all appendiceal tumours, followed by adenocarcinomas that comprise further 4%-6% of tumours [2]. Appendiceal adenocarcinomas are extremely aggressive tumours behaving similar to that of colonic adenocarcinomas, requiring right hemicolectomy for curative intent.A retrospective study showed 10 cases of adenocarcinoma of the appendix from a total of 9323 appendectomies [Table/ Fig-1] (0.1%: 8 men and 2 women with a mean age of 53.1 years) [3]. Akbulut et al., reported unusual histological findings in 54 of 5462 (1%) appendectomy specimens; 37 enterobiasis, 6 carcinoids, 4 mucinous cystadenomas, 2 eosinophilic infiltrations, 2 mucoceles, 2 tuberculosis, and 1 neurogenic hyperplasia [4]. An examination of 4545 appendectomy specimens, performed for acute appendicitis, showed 44 (0.97%) unexpected tumours of appendix including an adenocarcinoma and a primary lymphoma of the appendix [5]. Another series analysed histological reports of 324 appendectomy specimens and reported 8 unexpected lesions [6]. The study concluded that surgeons should bear in mind the possibility of unusual pathologies justifying the need for the routine Surgery SectionDo We Still Need to Perform Routine Histological Examination of Appendectomy Specimens?histopathological examination of appendices. Meticulous attention to the gross operative findings such as abnormally hard part of appendix, grossly visible/palpable lymph nodes in peri-appendiceal region, and the arrangements for frozen-section during surgery can help identify the tumours at an earlier stage.Although fecoliths and lymphoid hyperplasia are the common aetiologies of acute appendicitis, some rare but vitally fatal lesions may also cause appendicitis. On the same note, intraoperative observations alone are not enough to identify the unexpected disease. The most frequent unusual findings in appendectomy specimens are parasites and benign or malignant tumours. Although the routine histological examination of appendectomy specimens poses a burden on the financial and technical resources, current research strongly justifies this practice. There is a need for routine histopathologic examination of the appendectomy specimens. The histologic examination is valuable in identifying unexpected conditions which may require further management depending on the nature of the disease process. Specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis may exhibit a myriad of histological variations including cancerous growths [7]. With increasing emphasis on cost-effectiveness in surgery, routine pathological examination of appendectomy specimens, alt...

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“…The estimated prevalence is 0.32-1.12 per 100,000 of the population per year, including malignancy in 0.29 per 100,000. Apart from the small intestine, they also affect the appendix [3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In post-mortem examinations the reported prevalence increases to 1.22% [3,12].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nowotwory neuroendokrynne jelita cienkiego i wyrostka robaczkowego — zasady postępowania (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynnych)

Bednarczuk¹,

Bolanowski²,

Zemczak³

et al. 2017

Endokrynologia Polska

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 224Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the small intestine and appendix -management guidelines Bednarczuk Tomasz et al. SZKOLENIE PODYPLOMOWE AbstractThis study presents the revised Polish guidelines regarding the management of patients suffering from neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the small intestine and appendix. The small intestine, especially the ileum, is the most common location for these neoplasms. Most are well differentiated and slow growing. Their symptoms may be atypical, which can result in delayed or accidental diagnosis. Appendicitis is usually the first manifestation of NEN in this location. Typical symptoms of carcinoid syndrome occur in approximately 20-30% of patients suffering from small intestinal NENs with distant metastases. The main cause of death in patients with carcinoid syndrome is carcinoid heart disease.The most useful laboratory test is the determination of chromogranin A, while concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is helpful in the diagnostics of carcinoid syndrome. For visualisation, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, colonoscopy, video capsule endoscopy, double-balloon enteroscopy, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy may be used. A detailed histological report is crucial for the proper diagnostics and therapy of NENs of the small intestine and appendix. The treatment of choice is surgical management, either radical or palliative. The pharmacological treatment of the hormonally active and non-active small intestinal NENs as well as NENs of the appendix is based on long-acting somatostatin analogues. In patients with generalised NENs of the small intestine in progress during the SSA treatment, with good expression of somatostatin receptors, the first-line treatment should be radioisotope therapy, while targeted therapies, such as everolimus, should be considered afterwards. When the above therapies are exhausted, in certain cases chemotherapy may be considered.(Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (2): 223-236)

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Carcinoid Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Trends in Incidence in England Since 1971

Cited by 238 publications

References 28 publications

MicroRNAs associated with small bowel neuroendocrine tumours and their metastases

MicroRNAs associated with small bowel neuroendocrine tumours and their metastases

Do We Still Need to Perform Routine Histological Examination of Appendectomy Specimens?

Nowotwory neuroendokrynne jelita cienkiego i wyrostka robaczkowego — zasady postępowania (rekomendowane przez Polską Sieć Guzów Neuroendokrynnych)

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