Carcinoma of the Lung in Workmen in the Chromates-producing Industry in Great Britain

“…The actual numbers of workers in the population at risk were not stated). Bidstrup & Case (1956) followed 723 workers from three UK chromate-producing factories and reported a significant)y higher lung cancer (carcinoma) mortality: 12 deaths as compared with the 3.3 expected on the basis of national death rates. The investigators discussd the possibility that the increased risk of lung cancer among the workers was related to diagnostic bias, place of residence, social c1ass or smoking, but they made no adjustment for these variables.…”

Section: Mutagenicity and Other Short-term Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It exists mainly as chromite, which has the idealized composition FeO.Cr 203' although this composition has been found in nature only in meteorites. Chromite usually has the formula (Fe, Mg) (Cr, AI, Fe)204 (Hartford, 1963) and as such is found in considerable quantities in Rhodesia, the USSR, South Africa, New Caledonia and the Philippines; it contains 40-50% chromium (Bidstrup & Case, 1956). …”

Section: Occurrence (A) Natural Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans

Hamilton¹

1979

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Despite the extensive environmental characterization, these data were not factored into the epidemiologic analysis. A follow-up study of the British cohort was published in 1956 (15). The previously studied cohort was followed until 1955 when vital status was determined and a second medical screening conducted on still active workers.…”

Section: Chromate-producing Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium and disease: review of epidemiologic studies with particular reference to etiologic information provided by measures of exposure.

Lees

1991

Environ Health Perspect

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Dozens of epidemiologic studies have been conducted since the late 1940s in an attempt to elucidate the relationship between exposure to chromium compounds and increased rates of certain cancers observed in several industries. The relationship between employment in industries producing chromium compounds from chromite ore and lung cancer has been well established in numerous studies. The relationship between exposure to certain chromium-based pigments and chromic acid and lung cancer, although not as strong, is fairly well accepted. The data concerning emissions from stainless-steel manufacturing and disease are contradictory. Although individual studies have indicated excesses of gastrointestinal and occasionally other cancers in these industries, results are not consistent and not universally accepted. There is general agreement that chromite ore does not have an associated risk of cancer. Although the chromium compound (or compounds) responsible for disease have yet to be identified, there is general agreement that hexavalent species are responsible for these diseases and that the trivalent species are not. Hypotheses about the carcinogenicity of specific chromium compounds generally relate to their solubility in body fluids. These hypotheses, however, have generally been produced as a result of toxicologic, not epidemiologic, investigation. Well-designed epidemiologic studies incorporating detailed assessments of worker exposures have the potential to help elucidate causality, identify specific carcinogenic compounds, and quantify risk in humans, eliminating the need to extrapolate from animal data. Although the need for exposure data crucial to this effort was identified in the earliest epidemiologic studies of chromium, such studies have not been conducted. As a result, little more is known today about the relationship between this chemical and disease in humans than was known 40 years ago.

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Carcinoma of the Lung in Workmen in the Chromates-producing Industry in Great Britain

Cited by 70 publications

References 4 publications

Danger of Hexavalent Chromium and Strategy for the Remeditation

Danger of Hexavalent Chromium and Strategy for the Remeditation

Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans

Chromium and disease: review of epidemiologic studies with particular reference to etiologic information provided by measures of exposure.

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