Carcinoma of the male breast: Update 1994

Wagner, John L.; Thomas, Charles R.; Koh, Wui-Jin; Rudolph, Rebecca E.

doi:10.1002/mpo.2950240213

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…50 Yet another histotype reported in males-secretory carcinoma-is typically confined to children, adolescents, and very young adults. 50 • 77 Contesso et al 82 Borgen et al 27 Digenis et al 12 Cutuli et al 8 3 Schuchardt et al 8 4 Williams et al 85 Bezwoda et al 57 Friedman et al 76 Prechtel and Prechtel 16 Tan and Sng 8 6 McLachlan et al 87 Munoz de Toro and Luque 88 Rogers et al 8 9 Willsher et al 2 6 Gough et al 1 4 Total * Stages I-IV were included in all studies. Not specified indicates that the factor was studied, but details were not specified in the publication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most large series, approximately 1% of all mammary cancers arise in males. 1 " 16 They are more likely to manifest at an in situ stage than are female cancers of the breast, 17 a phenomenon for which no satisfactory explanation has been determined. Although it is a rare lesion, male breast cancer (MBC) has received substantial attention in the published literature during the past 50 years.…”

Section: Male Breast Carcinoma (Mbc) Accounts For Only 1% Of Total Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Stage Carcinoma of the Male Breast: A Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Flow Cytometric Comparison with Localized Female Breast Carcinoma

et al. 1999

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Male Breast Carcinoma (Mbc) Accounts For Only 1% Of Total Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Stage Carcinoma of the Male Breast: A Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Flow Cytometric Comparison with Localized Female Breast Carcinoma

et al. 1999

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“…While the period between disease onset and diagnosis was 29 months in the past (62), this period has been reduced to 6 months in the newer series (63). It is evident that the disease is diagnosed at more advanced stages in men as compared to women.…”

Section: Symptoms Clinical Signs and Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Male Breast Cancer

Yalaza¹,

2016

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IntroductionOver the past two decades, major improvements have been achieved in the understanding of breast cancer, and cure can be offered if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage. However, the disease is more often diagnosed at more advanced stages (3 or 4) in men, in contrast to women. Its rarity among men as well as lack of awareness leads to its detection at later stages. Randomized studies cannot be carried on due to the low incidence of breast cancer in males, with only a few published prospective therapeutic studies in the literature. While the information on male breast cancer (MBC) was obtained from retrospective studies, the recommendations for treatment were derived from studies conducted on female breast cancer (1). This review presents the frequency, etiology, clinical-pathological characteristics and treatment approaches for the rare MBC. Epidemiology-EtiologyMale breast cancer is rare and constitutes 0.5-1% of all patients with breast cancer. The reason of the low incidence rate in men is the relatively low amount of breast tissue along with the difference in their hormonal environment. Even though breast tissue is less in men as compared to women, the factors that influence malignant changes are similar. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) Program reported that the incidence of breast cancer was highest at ages 52-71 during 1973-2000, whereas the peak incidence in males was 71 years (2). In fact, some authors state that MBC imitate the behavioral pattern of post-menopausal female breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in males and females has increased in the past 25 years. International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) emphasized this increase and stated that the incidence of female breast cancer increased by 20%, while breast cancer-related deaths increased by 14%. The SEER data also showed that the rate that was 1.1 for 100.000 men in the mid-1970s and raised to 1.44 for 100.000 men by 2010 (3). In USA, 2240 men were diagnosed with breast cancer within the year 2013. The lifetime rate of diagnosis with male breast cancer is 1 in 1000. According to the IACR Turkey data, 0.37% of all cancer types among males are breast cancer (4, 5). IACR has published its new cancer estimates for the year 2012. The most recent cancer estimates for 28 cancer types in 184 countries, which record cancer data, have been made available for users on the GLOBOCAN 2012 website (6).The rate of presentation with advanced stage breast cancer has been decreasing in men. As a matter of fact, a study conducted in 1995 reported the rate of Stage 1-2 disease on diagnosis as 70%, whereas it was reported as 67% in 2010 and 82% in 2015 (7-9). MBC constitutes less than 1% of male cancers and it has a varying rate of incidence across different geographies and ethnic groups (10, 11). Its annual prevalence in Europe is 1 in 10.000 men and these cases constitute less than 1% of all patients with breast cancer (4). However, this rate is above 6% in Central African countries (12). This relatively hig...

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“…Factors underlying the development of male breast cancer are particularly hormonal and environmental changes, and abnormal endocrine function also plays a role. Retrospective studies indicate that increased estrogen and decreased androgen levels may be concurrently seen in male breast cancer [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinicopathological Evaluation of Male Patients with Breast Cancer

et al. 2009

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Background: Although male breast cancer constitutes only 1% of all breast cancers, its incidence is increasing and it is becoming an important public health issue. The present study aims to present the clinicopathological characteristics of surgically treated male breast cancer patients from multiple centers. Patients and Methods: Twenty-one male patients operated on for breast cancer were retrospectively examined in terms of clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, TNM staging status, and type of surgical treatment. Results: The mean age of the 21 patients was 62.3 years (range 38–94), with the majority being in the range of 50–69 years (61.9%). The most frequent finding was breast mass (85.7%). Most patients underwent modified radical mastectomy (76.1%), and the most prevalent histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (85.7%). The majority of patients had stage II or III disease, and estrogen receptors were positive in 18 (85.7%) of the patients. Conclusion: Since male breast cancer is a rare condition, it is challenging to conduct prospective randomized trials. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the diagnosis and management of this condition. Thus, further studies and the implementation of specific guidelines or protocols for this subgroup of patients will aid better management.

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Carcinoma of the male breast: Update 1994

Cited by 26 publications

References 95 publications

Low-Stage Carcinoma of the Male Breast: A Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Flow Cytometric Comparison with Localized Female Breast Carcinoma

Low-Stage Carcinoma of the Male Breast: A Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Flow Cytometric Comparison with Localized Female Breast Carcinoma

Male Breast Cancer

A Clinicopathological Evaluation of Male Patients with Breast Cancer

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