Carcinomas of the urinary bladder in a 4-chloro-o-toluidine cohort

Stasik, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00409374

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…No convincing evidence was found for carcinogenicity in mice or rats with 3-chloro-p-toluidine [70]. One study established a strong correlation between worker exposure to 4-chloro-o-toluidine and increased incidence of bladder cancer [71], [72]. On the basis of this study a commission of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft categorized the compound as a human carcinogen, making it the first example of a monocyclic aromatic amine to be so designated.…”

Section: Toluidine Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Toluidines

Bowers¹

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical and Chemical Properties 3. Production 4. Quality Specifications, Storage, and Transportation 5. Uses 6. Derivatives 6.1. N ‐Alkyltoluidines 6.2. Chlorotoluidines 6.3. Toluidinesulfonic Acids 6.4. Chlorotoluidinesulfonic Acids 7. Toluidine Toxicology

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Section: Toluidine Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Toluidines

Bowers¹

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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“…Several confounding factors were identified; notably, the numerous co-exposures that occurred with o-toluidine in the epidemiology studies. These included aniline, 4-aminobiphenyl (Ward et al, 1991); 4,4 0 -methylene bis(2-methylaniline) and smoking (Rubino et al, 1982); N-acetyl-o-toluidine, and 6-chloroo-toluidine (Stasik, 1988); and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and phenyl-b-naphthylamine (Sorahan et al, 2000), among others. Many of these substances are considered carcinogenic or possibly carcinogenic to humans, and it is possible that these exposures interacted with o-toluidine exposure, thus influencing the incidences of bladder cancer discovered.…”

Section: Key Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing a total allowable concentration of o-toluidine in drinking water incorporating early lifestage exposure and susceptibility

English

Bhat

Ball

et al. 2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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o-Toluidine is a monocyclic aromatic amine present in the formulation of some materials that contact drinking water. NSF/ANSI 61 Annex A (2011) and US EPA (2005a) risk assessment guidelines were used to determine an acceptable drinking water level. Occupational exposure to o-toluidine is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer but human disease rates could not be used to establish risk values due to inadequate exposure data and coexposures in the epidemiology cohorts. Chronic dietary exposure to o-toluidine hydrochloride was associated with benign and malignant tumors in both sexes of F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. o-Toluidine is genotoxic in vitro and in vivo. A 10(-5) cancer risk level was extrapolated from the human equivalent BMDL(10) of 13mg/kg-day for the combined incidence of papillomas and carcinomas of the bladder transitional epithelium in female rats. Considering varying susceptibility to tumor development at different life stages, the unit risk was modified to incorporate potency adjustments for early-life exposures. A framework for lifestage adjustment is presented that makes assumptions evident. For this assessment, the lifetime unit risk derived was ∼2-fold greater than the unadjusted adult lifetime unit risk, and the resulting Total Allowable Concentration in drinking water is 20μg/L.

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“…reported a 72-fold increase (eight cases) among workers exposed both to <?-toluidine and to 4-chloro-0-toluidine (7). More recently, a study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), concerning a cohort of workers exposed jointly to <?-toluidine and aniline, found high relative risks (8) ( Table 3).…”

Section: Environmental Health Perspectives Increase In Bladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiology of Cancer from Exposure to Arylamines

Víneis¹

1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Occupational exposure to arylamines such as benzidine, 2-naphthylamine, and 4-aminobiphenyl is associated with exceptionally elevated risks of bladder cancer (up to 100-fold or more). In one plant, all 15 workers involved in distilling naphthylamine developed bladder cancer, suggesting that for high levels of exposure to potent carcinogens individual susceptibility is irrelevant. More recently, exposure to other arylamines also has been suggested to increase the risk of bladder cancer in humans. In addition, cohort and case-control studies suggest that several job titles or exposures may involve elevated risks of bladder cancer. Some of these jobs or exposures (such as in the aluminum industry) are associated with exposure to arylamines. Arylamines are found also in tobacco smoke, and different sources of evidence suggest that they can explain the risk of bladder cancer, which has been shown clearly in smokers. Epidemiologic analyses of timing of exposure in workers occupationally exposed to arylamines or in air-cured tobacco smokers suggest that arylamines exert both an early-and a late-stage activity, compatible with a two-mutation theory of bladder carcinogenesis.-Environ Health Perspect 1 02(Suppl 6):7-10 (1994)

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Carcinomas of the urinary bladder in a 4-chloro-o-toluidine cohort

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Toluidines

Toluidines

Establishing a total allowable concentration of o-toluidine in drinking water incorporating early lifestage exposure and susceptibility

Epidemiology of Cancer from Exposure to Arylamines

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