Cardanol-based green nanovesicles with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities

Abstract

This manuscript describes the preparation of green nanovesicles by using cardanol as renewable starting material with embedded minor amounts of phthalazines, a class of heterocyclic bioactive compounds. The nanovesicles were prepared by stirring induced self-assembly in aqueous medium without involvement of any organic solvent. Dynamic light scattering studies and transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of nanostructure with an average diameter in the range of 227À375 nm and a well defined spherical morphology. Potential antioxidant activity of nanovesicles were evaluated for the first time by 2,2 0 -azino-bis-(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assay and bleomycin-dependent DNA damage. Moreover, their cytotoxic effects were also investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on different tumour cell lines. Unloaded nanovesicles showed moderate antioxidant and antitumoural activity that was further enhanced particularly by embedding the 2-[4-(4-Hydrazinophthalazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-isoindole-1,3-dione compound.

A green method for the production of an efficient bioimaging nanotool

“…Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based analyses conrmed that the morphology of the green nanocarriers is characterized by a very regular spherical structure, as we have already reported in our previous studies. 23,24 Aer analyzing the physicochemical parameters of the "green" CANVs, and their stability as a function of the environmental temperature, we addressed their interactions with cells. As model systems, we used human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, and leukemic monocytes (THP-1), differentiated to a macrophage (MF) phenotype (see the Experimental section).…”

“…Several data proved that CNSL and its derivatives possess interesting in vitro and in vivo biological functions, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and larvicidal activities. [16][17][18][19][20][21] CA is able to form a stable nanovesicle dispersion upon combination with cholesterol, 22,23 showing good antioxidant and cytotoxic properties, 24 and a potential stabilization capability towards the encapsulated molecules. 25 A new challenge nowadays is, hence, the possibility of creating a biocompatible drug delivery system starting from waste materials, which can also be potentially used as a bioimaging tool.…”

Bio‐based benzoxazines synthesized in a deep eutectic solvent: A greener approach toward vesicular nanosystems

“…The first formulation (entry A) was realized according to experimental conditions (molar ratios and temperatures) already used to prepare similar nanosystems, [36][37][38] by using unsaturated BZ 3a in place of cardanol oil and mixed with a few amount of cholesterol as cosurfactant. This sample was reasonably comparable in size distribution and stability to cardanol-based nanodispersions, while the morphological analysis displayed nucleated heterostructures around the vesicles.…”

“…[30,31] Vesicular systems have shown effectiveness as drug nanocarriers in the treatment of breast cancer, [32] human lung cancer, [33,34] and for pancreatic cancer therapy. [36][37][38] In this article, for the first time, synthesis of benzoxazines, based on cardanol (both unsaturated and saturated components), formaldehyde, and amines by using a choline chloride-urea mixture as DES is described. [36][37][38] In this article, for the first time, synthesis of benzoxazines, based on cardanol (both unsaturated and saturated components), formaldehyde, and amines by using a choline chloride-urea mixture as DES is described.…”

Cardanols detected in non-polar propolis extracts from Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)

“…Phenolic lipids can be incorporated into erythrocytes and liposomal membranes due to their hydrophilic (water-loving, polar) and lipophilic (fat-loving) properties (Stasiuk & Kozubek, 2010;Kruk et al, 2017) and can be used in pharmaceutical and fine chemical processes (Saladino et al, 2008;Behalo et al, 2016). Beside this, they also exhibited antioxidant (Andrade et al, 2011;Luís et al, 2016), antibacterial (Sibandze et al, 2016), antifeedant, cytotoxic, anticarcinogenic (Kruk et al, 2017), antiproliferative, antileishmanial, antigenotoxic (Parikka et al, 2006), antifungal (Popova et al, 2013) and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities (Oliveira et al, 2011).…”