The development of a new class of polyurethane polyols from cardanol, a renewable organic
resource obtained as a byproduct of the cashew industry, is reported. For synthesizing polyols
the monoglycidyl ether of cardanol was prepared first, followed by ring opening to prepare the
diol or reaction with diethanol amine to give a triol. Alternately, another triol was also prepared
by reaction of the glycerol monochlorohydrin with cardanol. Polyols having a range of hydroxyl
values (140−265 mg of KOH/g) were prepared, and structure characterization was carried out
by spectroscopic techniques. Polyurethanes were formulated by reaction of these polyols with
diphenyl methanediisocyanate (MDI) at an NCO/OH ratio of 1, and films were characterized
for thermal stability and viscoelastic properties by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and
dynamic rheometry, respectively. The dynamic mechanical studies show a linear increase of
the T
g value with an increase in the hydroxyl value of the polyol. In TGA, when temperatures
at 50% decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere are compared, polyurethanes based on diol and
glycard indicate a higher thermal stability.