Cardia: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects

Friedman, Gary D.; Cutter, Gary; Donahue, Richard P.; Hughes, Glenn H.; Hulley, Stephen B.; Jacobs, David R.; Liu, Kiang; Savage, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90080-7

Cited by 1,461 publications

(1,365 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Specifically, this study suggests that increase in 1 standardized unit of LAV may result in a decrease in WMFA by 0.002 on a scale between 0 and 1. This effect size is smaller than the magnitude of the associations of age and traditional vascular risk factors on WMFA that were previously studied in this middle‐aged population 17. For example, WMFA was reported to decline by 0.008 with every increasing mm Hg of SBP and DBP and by 0.03 with every additional year of age 17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction and Brain Health in Midlife: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy

Čermáková

Muller

Armstrong

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundWe investigated whether cardiac parameters in young adulthood are associated with indicators of brain health in midlife.Methods and ResultsThis study includes 648 participants from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study (52% women, 38% black). We studied associations of cardiac parameters assessed by echocardiography (left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial volume, and left ventricular mass) in young adulthood (mean age: 30 years) with brain measures obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (total brain, gray and white matter volume, white matter integrity, abnormal white matter) in midlife (mean age: 50 years). In 406 individuals with complete measurements, higher left atrial volume was associated with lower white matter fractional anisotropy, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (β=−0.002; P <0.02). The association was strongest in black participants and in men.ConclusionsHigher left atrial volume in early adulthood is associated with impairment of white matter integrity in midlife. Interventions to improve cardiac function in young adults may benefit brain health and should be targeted in particular at black men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction and Brain Health in Midlife: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy

Čermáková

Muller

Armstrong

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…Detailed methods for the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study have been published previously 10. Briefly, in 1985–1986, 5115 black and white men and women aged 18 to 30 years were enrolled in the CARDIA study from 4 field centers in the United States (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Incidence of Hypertension by 55 Years of Age in Blacks and Whites: The CARDIA Study

Thomas

Booth

Dai

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundBlacks have higher blood pressure levels compared with whites beginning in childhood. Few data are available on racial differences in the incidence of hypertension from young adulthood through middle age.Methods and ResultsWe calculated the cumulative incidence of hypertension from age 18 to 55 years among participants in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Incident hypertension was defined by the first visit with mean systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, mean diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or self‐reported use of antihypertensive medication. Among 3890 participants without hypertension at baseline (aged 18–30 years), cumulative incidence of hypertension by age 55 years was 75.5%, 75.7%, 54.5%, and 40.0% in black men, black women, white men, and white women, respectively. Among participants with systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure <110 and 70, 110 to 119/70 to 74, and 120 to 129/75 to 79 mm Hg at baseline, blacks were more likely than whites to develop hypertension: multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios 1.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.65, 2.35), 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.52, 2.14), and 1.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.31, 1.93), respectively. Parental history of hypertension and higher body mass index, serum uric acid, and systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure categories were associated with a higher risk for hypertension among blacks and whites. A higher Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet adherence score was associated with a lower risk for hypertension in blacks and whites.ConclusionsRegardless of blood pressure level in young adulthood, blacks have a substantially higher risk for hypertension compared with whites through 55 years of age.

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“…The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a multi‐center population‐based longitudinal study of the determinants of cardiovascular disease in young black and white adults (Friedman et al., 1988). At baseline (1985–1986), 5,115 participants (2,328 men) aged 18–30 years were enrolled in four US cities (Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex hormones and brain volumes in a longitudinal study of middle‐aged men in the CARDIA study

et al. 2017

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IntroductionSeveral findings suggest that testosterone (T) is neuroprotective and that declining T levels during aging are associated with cognitive and brain pathologies; however, little is known on T and brain health in middle‐age. We examined the relationships of total T, bioavailable T, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels with total and regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in middle‐aged men. We also evaluated the association of sex hormone levels with cognitive function.MethodsAnalysis included 267 community‐dwelling men participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) substudy. Total T, bioavailable T, and SHBG levels were measured at three times from the 2nd to 4th decade of life; brain volumes were measured at the ages of 42–56. Associations were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for several potential confounders.ResultsHigher SHBG levels were associated with greater total WM volume (+3.15 cm3 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 6.28] per one standard deviation higher SHBG). Higher SHBG levels were associated with lower total and regional GM volumes overall and significantly with smaller parietal GM volume (−0.96 cm3 [95%CI = −1.71, −0.21]). T levels were not related to brain volumes. Neither T nor SHBG levels were associated with cognitive function.ConclusionResults suggest a role for SHBG in structural brain outcomes in men and emphasize the value of investigating SHBG levels as modulators of sex hormone and metabolic pathways regulating brain and behavioral characteristics in men.

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Cardia: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects

Cited by 1,461 publications

References 12 publications

Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction and Brain Health in Midlife: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy

Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction and Brain Health in Midlife: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy

Cumulative Incidence of Hypertension by 55 Years of Age in Blacks and Whites: The CARDIA Study

Sex hormones and brain volumes in a longitudinal study of middle‐aged men in the CARDIA study

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