“…All reported cases to date have been diagnosed through renal pathology, during investigation for hypertension, kidney impairment, and proteinuria, frequently identified during routine medical screening. However, in light of the findings in this series, corroborated by another recent report, 32 bias toward underdiagnosing cases with predominantly cardiovascular amyloidosis, in the absence of readily accessible tissue for histologic sampling, cannot be excluded and may account for the apparent reduced penetrance. We have identified a high incidence of cardiovascular atheromatous disease among our patients, often predating evolution of proteinuria or renal impairment by many years.…”