Cardiac Arrhythmias: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatments

Fu, Du-Guan

doi:10.1007/s12013-015-0626-4

Cited by 109 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cardiac arrhythmias are characterized by an irregular heartbeat rhythm, which could be either too slow (<60 beats/min) or too fast (>100 beats/min) [1]. Amiodarone (AMD) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catechin and epicatechin reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by amiodarone in human lung fibroblasts

Santos

Stolfo

Calloni

et al. 2016

Journal of Arrhythmia

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BackgroundAmiodarone (AMD) and its metabolite N-desethylamiodarone can cause some adverse effects, which include pulmonary toxicity. Some studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may play a role in these adverse effects. Catechin and epicatechin are recognized as important phenolic compounds with the ability to decrease oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of catechin and epicatechin to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage caused by AMD in human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5).MethodsMitochondrial dysfunction was assessed through the activity of mitochondrial complex I and ATP biosynthesis. Cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were measured spectrophotometrically at 480 and 240 nm, respectively. Lipid and protein oxidative levels were determined by thiobarbituric reactive substances and protein carbonyl assays, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated using the Griess reaction method.ResultsAMD was able to inhibit the activity of mitochondrial complex I and ATP biosynthesis in MRC-5 cells. Lipid and protein oxidative markers increased along with cell death, while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and NO production decreased with AMD treatment. Both catechin and epicatechin circumvented mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby restoring the activity of mitochondrial complex I and ATP biosynthesis. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds were able to restore the imbalance in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as the decrease in NO levels induced by AMD. Protein and lipid oxidative damage and cell death were reduced by catechin and epicatechin in AMD-treated cells.ConclusionsCatechin and epicatechin reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by AMD in MRC-5 cells.

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“…Cardiac arrhythmias are characterized by an irregular heartbeat rhythm, which could be either too slow (<60 beats/min) or too fast (>100 beats/min) [1]. Amiodarone (AMD) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amiodarone (AMD) (Fig. 1A) is an antiarrhythmic agent widely used to treat cardiac arrhythmias, mainly atrial fibrillation [1]. Despite its pharmacological properties, AMD and its main metabolite N‐desethylamiodarone (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catechin and epicatechin reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by amiodarone in human lung fibroblasts

Santos

Stolfo

Calloni

et al. 2016

Journal of Arrhythmia

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“…tachycardia, bradycardia, or irregular) and poor cardiac function [5]. They monitor heart rhythm continuously and, when necessary, impulses are delivered to restore normal heart function [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…arrhythmias) [3,4]. There are two basic types of arrhythmia: heart rates that are too slow [bradycardia]; and those that are too fast [tachycardia] [5]. More than 66,000 implantable cardioverter defibrillators are implanted annually in the USA [6], where a permanent pacemaker was supplied to 2.9 million individuals between 1993 and 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence and safety of electronic apex locators in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a systematic review

Alrahabi

Ghabbani

2018

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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The widespread use of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices has increased concerns regarding using electronic apex locators in patients with these devices. This systematic review investigated the effects and safety of using electronic apex locators in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.Methods: An electronic search in the Cochrane Library, PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) databases for relevant articles published between December 2000 and December 2018 was performed. The search strategy centered on terms related to electronic apex locators use during root canal treatment in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices.Results: Seven studies (five in vitro and two in vivo) fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review. It was found that electronic apex locators can be used safely in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, when general precautions are followed.Conclusions: Although the present review suggests that electronic apex locators can be used safely in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, consultation with patients’ cardiologists remains advisable.

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“…In general, the seriousness of cardiac dysrhythmias depends on the presence or absence of structural heart diseases. [Fu, 2015] The most common relatively benign dysrhythmia are atrial fibrillation, PACs and PVCs, being benign is in case of absence of structural heart lesion. In contrast, the presence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or syncope in coronary heart disease patient may be a harbinger of subsequent cardiac death and must not be ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study the Effects of Vernakalant on Ischemic-Reperfusion Dysrhythmias in Experimental Animals in Comparison with Amiodarone

Fa¹

2018

TIJMD

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Cardiac dysrhythmia is a term for any of large heterogeneous group of conditions in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart. Dysrhythmias may be life threatening medical emergencies that can result in cardiac arrest and sudden death; it may predispose the patient to potentially life threatening stroke and embolism. The pathogenesis of cardiac dysrhythmia involves crossing of electrolytes through different ions channels on the cellular level that may be dysrhythmogenic. In this study, ischemic-reperfusion dysrhythmia were performed in experimental animals, ischemia of the myocardium results in release of ischemic metabolites and slowing impulse propagation while reperfusion results in increase late inward Na current (INaL) which amplifies Na + influx and intracellular Na + concentration leading finally to calcium overload. The enhancement of Na + and Ca2 + concentration causes electrophysiological instability, formation of free oxygen radicle and liberation of platelet activating factor. Seeking for novel antidysrhythmogenic agents having ions channels inhibiting properties, this work aims to investigate the effects of vernakalant, antidysrhythmic drug with atrial selective and multichannel blocking effect on ischemia-reperfusion dysrhythmia in experimental animals in comparison with amiodarone as a standard antidysrhythmic medication.

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Cardiac Arrhythmias: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatments

Cited by 109 publications

References 29 publications

Catechin and epicatechin reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by amiodarone in human lung fibroblasts

Catechin and epicatechin reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by amiodarone in human lung fibroblasts

Influence and safety of electronic apex locators in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a systematic review

Study the Effects of Vernakalant on Ischemic-Reperfusion Dysrhythmias in Experimental Animals in Comparison with Amiodarone

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