CARDIAC ASSESSMENT OF ZOO-KEPT, BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS (<i>CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS</i>) ANESTHETIZED WITH ISOFLURANE

Garcia, Eric B.; Eshar, David; Thomason, Justin D.; Harkin, Kenneth R.; Biller, David S.

doi:10.1638/2014-0241.1

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…20,22 Studies have evaluated cardiac parameters, venous blood gas analytes, and the effects of recumbency on physiology parameters in black-tailed prairie dogs under isoflurane anesthesia. 9,11,12 The results of our current study support the use of isoflurane for anesthesia of prairie dogs and suggest that it offers advantages and disadvantages over the injectable DKM protocol we evaluated here. In general, one potential disadvantage of inhalant anesthesia is lack of analgesia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Browning

Eshar²,

Beaufrère

2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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Few studies evaluate anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Isoflurane inhalant anesthesia is used in this species most commonly, but injectable protocols are poorly described. Here we compared the physiologic effects, including anesthetic depth, vital signs, and hematologic changes, of anesthetic protocols using isoflurane or a combination of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam in black-tailed prairie dogs. In a randomized, complete crossover study design, intact male black-tailed prairie dogs (n = 9; age, 6 mo) were anesthetized by using a combination of dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg/kg IM), ketamine (40 mg/kg IM), and midazolam (1.5 mg/kg IM). For reversal, atipamezole (0.15 mg/kg) and flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg) were administered 45 min after induction. For comparison, isoflurane was administered at 5% in 100% oxygen at 5 L/min in an anesthetic induction chamber, followed by maintenance isoflurane 2% in 2 L/min oxygen through a tightfitting facemask for 45 min. Induction and recovery time, respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature, SpO 2 , indirect blood pressure, and reflexes were monitored every 5 min during the anesthetic period. Blood samples for venous blood gases, PCV, and refractometric total protein were obtained from the cranial vena cava at 5 min and 45 min. Both protocols appeared to achieve safe and effective anesthesia. Except for blood pressure, all vital signs differed between the 2 treatments. Isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a slightly longer induction and lower respiratory rate and body temperature but increased likelihood of absent reflexes. DKM anesthesia resulted in a faster induction and less hypothermia but also prolonged recovery and lower heart rate and SpO 2 readings. These findings suggest that isoflurane provides a more stable and consistent anesthetic plane, whereas dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam anesthesia may be an effective alternative for short procedures that require fast induction and limited analgesia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Browning

Eshar²,

Beaufrère

2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

Self Cite

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“…The values found for the thickness of agoutis heart walls and chambers when compared to mammals of different sizes, including wild rodents [20], unanesthetized agoutis [15], New Zealand rabbits [41], hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) [6] and ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) [49], confirm the positive linear correlation between body weight and heart dimensions for the various parameters evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Several studies have demonstrated normal echocardiographic parameters for domestic animals such as dogs, cats, horses, sheep [7,9,27], as well as wild rodents such as prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) [20], guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) [10] and New Zealand rabbits [41]. However, although presumptive normal echocardiographic values were reported for non-anesthetized agoutis [15], this is the first study to show the measurement of these variables for chemically contained agoutis, in addition to the use of strain and strain rate by speckle tracking in the evaluation of cardiac function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Strain and Strain Rate by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking in Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) Anesthetized with Ketamine and Xylazine

Rodrigues

Pessoa

Moura

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831) is a wild rodent widely found throughout America which has stood out as a good animal model for scientific investigations. The aim of this study was to study the cardiovascular function of chemically contained agoutis, by performing echocardiographic examinations and measuring Strain and Strain Rate by Speckle Tracking to obtain reference values for the species and verify the applicability of these animals as models for the study of cardiovascular changes in humans.Materials, Methods & Results: It was selected 16 animals, sedated by the combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine and submitted to transthoracic echocardiography. To obtain the standard measurements, B, M and Doppler mode images were taken. The analysis of the radial and longitudinal myocardial deformation of the left ventricle was carried out. The right parasternal window was used for access to the short cardiac axis and the left for access to the long axis. Six radial profiles of strain (ST) and Strain rate (SR) values were obtained, corresponding to the mean of the values for each segment. A total of 18 myocardial segments were analyzed for each specimen and the mean values were used to compose the statistical analysis. The comparison of the means between the genders did not show statistical difference, being the other statistical treatments based on the total sample of 16 animals. The variables that showed statistically significant correlation coefficients in relation to weight were: LA, LA/AO, HR, AVmax, E’ wave, E/IVRT (P > 0.05). HR showed a positive correlation with IVSd (r = 0.51), EPSS (r = 0.55) and E’ wave (r = 0.68); negative with IVRT (r = - 0.41), A wave (r = - 0.54), AVmax (r = - 0.53) and Pmax (r = - 0.65).Discussion: Although presumptively normal echocardiographic values were reported for not anesthetized agoutis, this was the first study to show the measurement of these variables for chemically contained agoutis, in addition to the use of Strain and strain rate by speckle tracking in the assessment of cardiac function. The sudden exposure of an external stimulus (environmental or physical) to which the body is not adapted can trigger an acute stress, and its effects may interfere significantly in the measurement of hemodynamic variables, justifying the need for chemical containment. The values found for the thickness of agoutis cardiac walls and chambers obtained in M mode, both in systole and in diastole, when compared with mammals of different size, confirm the positive linear correlation between body weight and cardiac dimensions for the various evaluated parameters. The velocity obtained by the Strain radial for the apical systolic peak was slightly lower than that obtained for the basal systolic peak, while the opposite was observed for the circumferential Strain, which showed apical peak greater than the basal peak, also to the found for human beings. The values obtained for circumferential, radial and longitudinal strain for agoutis were within the ranges of normality observed in healthy domestic animals and humans.

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“…The mean radiographic VHS for the chinchillas in this study (8·9) was larger than values reported for black‐tailed prairie dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) (left lateral: 7·15; right lateral: 7·12) (Garcia et al . 2016 ), black‐rumped agoutis ( Dasyprocta prymnolopha ) (8·0) (de Moura et al . 2015 ), rabbits (left lateral: 7·9; right lateral: 7·6) (Giannico et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vertebral heart size (VHS) measurement system was created as a means to objectively measure cardiac silhouette size in dogs and its development has been described in other companion animal species, including cats, ferrets and rabbits (Buchanan & Bucheler 1995 , Stepien et al 1999 , Litster & Buchanan 2000 , Onuma et al 2010 , Giannico et al 2015 ). There is little information regarding VHS in rodents (Diniz et al 2013 , de Moura et al 2015 , Garcia et al 2016 ), but VHS reference intervals have not been described in chinchillas. Although the heart is often included in radiographic and CT imaging in chinchillas, objective interpretation of cardiac size can be facilitated using VHS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral heart size in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) using radiography and CT

Doss

Mans

Hoey

et al. 2017

J of Small Animal Practice

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CARDIAC ASSESSMENT OF ZOO-KEPT, BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) ANESTHETIZED WITH ISOFLURANE

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Comparison of Dexmedetomidine–Ketamine–Midazolam and Isoflurane for Anesthesia of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Standard Strain and Strain Rate by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking in Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) Anesthetized with Ketamine and Xylazine

Vertebral heart size in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) using radiography and CT

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