Cardiac Augmentation Can Be Maintained by Continuous Exposure of Intrinsic Cardiac Neurons to a β-Adrenergic Agonist or Angiotensin II

Levett, James M.; Murphy, Daniel; McGuirt, A. S.; Ardell, Jeffery L; Ja, Armour

doi:10.1006/jsre.1996.0390

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Furthermore, we demonstrated the adrenergic fibers containing the presynaptic marker, synaptophysin, which encircled bodies of cholinergic ganglionic cells. It is known that β‐adrenergic receptors are ample on the intrinsic vagal neurons in both the guinea pig and the canine atrial ganglia, on which parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers converge (Haberberger & Kummer, 1996; Levett et al, 1996; Smith, 1999). Our observations strongly support the occurrence of mutual interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions within the piglet epicardiac GP that was demonstrated in other studies (Hasan, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Ragauskas

Rysevaitė-Kyguolienė

Paužienė

et al. 2021

Journal of Morphology

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Intrinsic cardiac neurons (ICNs) are crucial cells in the neural regulation of heart rhythm, myocardial contractility, and coronary blood flow. ICNs exhibit diversity in their morphology and neurotransmitters that probably are age‐dependent. Therefore, neuroanatomical heart studies have been currently focused on the identification of chemical phenotypes of ICNs to disclose their possible functions in heart neural regulation. Employing whole‐mount immunohistochemistry, we examined ICNs from atria of the newborn pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) as ICNs at this stage of development have never been neurochemically characterized so far. We found that the majority of the examined ICNs (>60%) were of cholinergic phenotype. Biphenotypic neuronal somata (NS), that is, simultaneously positive for two neuronal markers, were also rather common and distributed evenly within the sampled ganglia. Simultaneous positivity for cholinergic and adrenergic neuromarkers was specific in 16.4%, for cholinergic and nitrergic—in 3.5% of the examined NS. Purely either adrenergic or nitrergic ICNs were observed at 13% and 3.1%, correspondingly. Purely adrenergic and nitrergic NS were the most frequent in the ventral left atrial subplexus. Similarly to neuronal phenotype, sizes of NS also varied depending on the atrial region providing insights into their functional implications. Axons, but not NS, positive for classic sensory neuronal markers (vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and calcitonin gene‐related peptide) were identified within epicardiac nerves and ganglia. Moreover, a substantial number of ICNs could not be attributed to any phenotype as they were not immunoreactive for antisera used in this study. Numerous dendrites with putative peptidergic and adrenergic contacts on cholinergic NS contributed to neuropil of ganglia. Our observations demonstrate that intrinsic cardiac ganglionated plexus is not fully developed in the newborn pig despite of dense network of neuronal processes and numerous signs of neural contacts within ganglia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Ragauskas

Rysevaitė-Kyguolienė

Paužienė

et al. 2021

Journal of Morphology

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“…Receptor characterization studies suggest not only cholinergic but also ␤-adrenergic, 1,8,9 serotonergic, 10 and purinergic 1,11,12 receptors on ganglionic neurons. Furthermore, electrophysiological studies show that neurons within cardiac ganglia respond to application of cholinergic 6 as well as adrenergic, 1,9,[13][14][15] histaminergic, 16 purinergic, 1,11,12 and peptidergic 1,15,17 agonists and antagonists. In contrast to the simple relay model, the diverse neurochemistry of cardiac ganglia suggests potentially complex neuronal processing within cardiac ganglia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Monoamine- and Histamine-Synthesizing Enzymes and Neurotransmitters Within Neurons of Adult Human Cardiac Ganglia

et al. 1999

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Background-Cardiac ganglia were originally thought to contain only cholinergic neurons relaying parasympathetic information from preganglionic brain stem neurons to the heart. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that cardiac ganglia contain a heterogeneous population of neurons that synthesize or respond to several different neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Reports regarding monoamine and histamine synthesis and neurotransmission within cardiac ganglia, however, present conflicting information or are limited in number. Furthermore, very few studies have examined the neurochemistry of adult human cardiac ganglia. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine whether monoamine-and histamine-synthesizing enzymes and neurotransmitters exist within neurons of adult human cardiac ganglia. Methods and Results-Human heart tissue containing cardiac ganglia was obtained during autopsies of patients without cardiovascular pathology. Avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate tyrosine hydroxylase, L-dopa decarboxylase, dopamine ␤-hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and histidine decarboxylase immunoreactivity within neurons of cardiac ganglia. Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine immunoreactivity was also found in ganglionic neurons. Omission or preadsorption of primary antibodies from the antisera and subsequent incubation with cardiac ganglia abolished specific staining in all cases examined. Conclusions-Our results suggest that neurons within cardiac ganglia contain enzymes involved in the synthesis of monoamines and histamine and that they contain dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine immunoreactivity. Our findings suggest a putative role for monoamine and histamine neurotransmission within adult human cardiac ganglia. Additional, functional evidence will be necessary to evaluate what the physiological role of monoamines and histamine may be in neural control of the adult human heart. (Circulation. 1999;99:411-419.)

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Neurocardiology: Structure‐Based Function

Ardell

Armour

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

103

105

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Cardiac control is mediated via a series of reflex control networks involving somata in the (i) intrinsic cardiac ganglia (heart), (ii) intrathoracic extracardiac ganglia (stellate, middle cervical), (iii) superior cervical ganglia, (iv) spinal cord, (v) brainstem, and (vi) higher centers. Each of these processing centers contains afferent, efferent, and local circuit neurons, which interact locally and in an interdependent fashion with the other levels to coordinate regional cardiac electrical and mechanical indices on a beat-to-beat basis. This control system is optimized to respond to normal physiological stressors (standing, exercise, and temperature); however, it can be catastrophically disrupted by pathological events such as myocardial ischemia. In fact, it is now recognized that autonomic dysregulation is central to the evolution of heart failure and arrhythmias. Autonomic regulation therapy is an emerging modality in the management of acute and chronic cardiac pathologies. Neuromodulation-based approaches that target select nexus points of this hierarchy for cardiac control offer unique opportunities to positively affect therapeutic outcomes via improved efficacy of cardiovascular reflex control. As such, understanding the anatomical and physiological basis for such control is necessary to implement effectively novel neuromodulation therapies. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1635-1653, 2016.

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Cardiac Augmentation Can Be Maintained by Continuous Exposure of Intrinsic Cardiac Neurons to a β-Adrenergic Agonist or Angiotensin II

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Chemical phenotypes of intrinsic cardiac neurons in the newborn pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben, 1777)

Monoamine- and Histamine-Synthesizing Enzymes and Neurotransmitters Within Neurons of Adult Human Cardiac Ganglia

Neurocardiology: Structure‐Based Function

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