Cardiac cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis in sudden and unexpected community deaths in Lusaka, Zambia: a descriptive medico-legal post-mortem examination study

Himwaze, Cordilia; Mucheleng’anga, Luchenga Adam; Telendiy, Victor; Hamukale, Amos; Tembo, John; Kapata, Nathan; Ntoumi, Francine; Zumla, Alimuddin

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.042

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Seven (26%) studies employed only the Ag-ELISA, while eight (30%) utilized only the immunoblot methods. One report (4%) utilized only the electroimmunotransfer blot assay (EITB) and one report (4%) was based on postmortem findings of CC through full-body dissection [ 65 ]. One report did not specify the type of serologic test used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of human Taenia solium infections: A systematic review of the distribution in Eastern and Southern Africa

et al. 2023

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Background Taenia solium is a tapeworm that causes taeniosis in humans and cysticercosis in humans and pigs. Within Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), information on the presence of human taeniosis and cysticercosis seems scarce. This systematic review aimed to describe the current information available and gaps in the epidemiology of human T. solium infections in ESA. Methods/Principle findings Scientific literature published between 1st January 2000 and 20th June 2022 in international databases [MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), African Index Medicus (via WHO Global Index Medicus), and Open Grey] was systematically reviewed for ESA. The study area included 27 countries that make up the ESA region. Information on either taeniosis, cysticercosis or NCC was available for 16 of 27 countries within the region and a total of 113 reports were retained for the review. Most case reports for cysticercosis and NCC were from South Africa, while Tanzania had the most aggregated cysticercosis reports. Eleven countries reported on NCC with seven countries reporting data on NCC and epilepsy. Unconfirmed human T. solium taeniosis cases were reported in nine countries while two countries (Madagascar and Zambia) reported confirmed T. solium cases. The cysticercosis seroprevalence ranged between 0.7–40.8% on antigen (Ag) ELISA and between 13.1–45.3% on antibody (Ab) ELISA. Based on immunoblot tests the Ab seroprevalence was between 1.7–39.3%, while the proportion of NCC-suggestive lesions on brain CT scans was between 1.0–76% depending on the study population. The human taeniosis prevalence based on microscopy ranged between 0.1–14.7%. Based on Copro Ag-ELISA studies conducted in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia, the highest prevalence of 19.7% was reported in Kenya. Conclusions Despite the public health and economic impact of T. solium in ESA, there are still large gaps in knowledge about the occurrence of the parasite, and the resulting One Health disease complex, and monitoring of T. solium taeniosis and cysticercosis is mostly not in place.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of human Taenia solium infections: A systematic review of the distribution in Eastern and Southern Africa

et al. 2023

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“…These were reports from 9 nine countries, the majority of which were conducted in Tanzania (n=7) followed by Madagascar (n=6) and Zambia (n=4 To ascertain cases of aggregated human CC, various diagnostic methods were utilized in the included reports with eight (30%) studies employing a combination of antibody and antigen (Ab/Ag) based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), five (19%) employed Ag-ELISA, while three reports (11%) utilized a combination of Ag-ELISA and electroimmunotransfer blot assay (EITB). One report (4%) was based on postmortem findings of CC through full-body dissection [15]. The other methods used for CC diagnosis are shown in (Fig 3).…”

Section: Aggregated Human Cysticercosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of humanTaenia soliuminfections: a systematic review of the distribution in Eastern and Southern Africa

Zulu

Stelzle

Mwape

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Taenia solium is a tapeworm that causes taeniosis in humans and cysticercosis in humans and pigs. Within Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), there are many countries in which information on the presence of human taeniosis and cysticercosis is missing. This systematic review aimed to describe the current information available and gaps in the epidemiology of human T. solium infections in ESA. Methods/Principle Findings: Scientific literature published between 1st January 2000 and 20th June 2022 in international databases [MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Global Health (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), African Index Medicus (via WHO Global Index Medicus), and Open Grey] was systematically reviewed for ESA following the PRISMA approach. The study area included 27 countries that make up the ESA region. Information on either taeniosis, cysticercosis or NCC was available for 16 of 27 countries within the region. Most case reports for cysticercosis and NCC were from South Africa, while Tanzania had the most aggregated cysticercosis reports. Eleven countries reported on NCC with seven countries reporting data on NCC and epilepsy. Unconfirmed human T. solium taeniosis cases were reported in nine countries while two countries (Madagascar and Zambia) reported confirmed T. solium cases. The cysticercosis seroprevalence ranged between 0.99 - 40.8% on antigen (Ag) tests and between 1.7 - 45.3% on antibody (Ab) tests, while NCC-suggestive lesions on brain CT scans showed a prevalence range between 1.0 - 76%. The human taeniosis prevalence based on microscopy ranged between 0.1 - 14.7%. Based on Copro Ag-ELISA studies conducted in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia, the highest prevalence of 19.7% was reported in Kenya Conclusions: Despite the public health and economic impact of T. solium in ESA, there are still large gaps in knowledge about the occurrence of the parasite, and the resulting One Health disease complex, and monitoring of T. solium taeniosis and cysticercosis is mostly not in place

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“…This results in cysticercosis, where patients often have seizures and which can cause more serious damage than taeniasis. Patients often have seizures, accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and disturbance of consciousness [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. T. solium causes mutual infection between humans and pigs, leading to a vicious circle that poses significant risk to human public health safety and animal husbandry [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cysticercus cellulosae Excretory–Secretory Antigens on the TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Th17 Cell Differentiation in Piglets, a Proteomic Analysis

Wang

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Excretory–secretory antigens (ESAs) of Cysticercus cellulosae can directly regulate the proliferation and differentiation of host T regulatory (Treg) cells, thus inhibiting host immune responses. However, previous studies have only focused on this phenomenon, and the molecular mechanisms behind the ways in which C. cellulosae ESAs regulate the differentiation of host Treg/Th17 cells have not been reported. We collected CD3+ T cells stimulated by C. cellulosae ESAs through magnetic bead sorting and used label-free quantification (LFQ) proteomics techniques to analyze the signaling pathways of C. cellulosae ESAs regulating Treg/Th17 cell differentiation. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that C. cellulosae ESAs could upregulate the TGF-β signaling pathway and downregulate Th17 cell differentiation in piglet T cells. Interestingly, we also found that the IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathway also affects the downregulation of Th17 cell differentiation. C. cellulosae ESAs activate the TGF-β signaling pathway and the IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathway in host T cells to further regulate the differentiation of Treg/Th17 cells in order to evade host immune attack. This study lays the foundation for the subsequent verification of these pathways, and further clarifies the molecular mechanism of C. cellulosae-mediated immune evasion.

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Cardiac cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis in sudden and unexpected community deaths in Lusaka, Zambia: a descriptive medico-legal post-mortem examination study

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

The epidemiology of human Taenia solium infections: A systematic review of the distribution in Eastern and Southern Africa

The epidemiology of human Taenia solium infections: A systematic review of the distribution in Eastern and Southern Africa

The epidemiology of humanTaenia soliuminfections: a systematic review of the distribution in Eastern and Southern Africa

Effects of Cysticercus cellulosae Excretory–Secretory Antigens on the TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Th17 Cell Differentiation in Piglets, a Proteomic Analysis

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