Cardiac Dysfunction and Serum Ferritin Level as Early Prognostic Markers in Children with Sepsis: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Sepsis still causes morbidity and mortality in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Sepsis induces myocardial dysfunction and causes a reversible decline in ejection fraction (EF) of ventricles. Many biomarkers have been described for diagnosing sepsis, including serum ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP). Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the relationship of cardiac dysfunction evaluated using echocardiogram, ferritin, and CRP with negative outcomes of sepsis in the PICU. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 patients aged between one month and six years who fulfilled the following criteria: (1) confirmed diagnosis of sepsis according to the American College of Critical Care Medicine; (2) receiving ventilation for 48 h and/or vasoactive medicines. The CRP and ferritin levels were recorded on the first day (D1) and third day (D3) of hospitalization in the PICU. Participants underwent an echocardiography study to investigate the ejection fraction on D1 and D3. All outcomes were evaluated. Results: Our results showed a highly statistically significant difference between D1 and D3 in ejection fraction (P = 0.001). The serum ferritin level and CRP enhanced significantly from D1 to D3 (P < 0.001). Low left ventricular ejection fraction, and high serum ferritin were associated with unfavorable outcomes (P values < 0.001 and 0.021, respectively), but there was no significant difference in the outcomes regarding CRP. Conclusions: Cardiac dysfunction and high serum ferritin were associated with unfavorable outcomes in children with sepsis admitted to the PICU.

Alteration of Maternal Serum Ferritin in Pregnancy and Maternal-fetal Infections: A retrospective cohort study

“…Therefore, monitoring serum ferritin levels can be used as a prognostic marker for disease severity and can aid in clinical decision-making. [6][7][8][9] Maternal-fetal infection is a significant public health concern with potential long-term consequences for both the mother and the developing fetus. Early detection and treatment, along with ongoing research efforts, are crucial for improving outcomes for pregnant women and their offspring.…”

Does MALAT1 (NEAT2) Predict the Prognosis of Sepsis in Pediatric Patients?

“…Hu et al generated a disease severity scoring model for pediatric sepsis in China that comprises prothrombin time, D-dimer, total bilirubin, total serum protein, uric acid, PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, and myoglobin, indicating that patients with higher scores had a higher risk of severe sepsis (13). In addition, several biomarkers, such as lactate, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, pancreatic stone protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cardiac dysfunction, and high serum ferritin, have attracted attention in low-and middleincome countries because of being inexpensive (11,(14)(15)(16). However, so far, none of these biomarkers showed sufficient sensitivity or specificity to be pervasively applied in clinical practice (17), and it is necessary to explore more novel biomarkers.…”