Cardiac enzymes

Johnston, Charles C.; Bolton, Edmund C.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(82)80010-3

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…However, despite its high sensitivity for use in identifying AMI, AST is a nonspecific biomarker of cardiac tissue. 118 Two distinct isoenzymes of AST exist in human tissues: cytosolic (soluble) AST (c-AST/s-AST) and mitochondrial AST (m-AST). These isoenzymes have different immunochemical and kinetic properties and amino acid composition.…”

Section: Alt and Astmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Invasive and Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases

Parsanathan

Jain

2020

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of fatality and disability worldwide regardless of gender. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in population across different regions. According to epidemiological studies, CVD risk markers in childhood obesity are one of the significant risk factors for adulthood CVD, but have received disproportionally little attention. This review has examined the evidence for the presence of traditional cardiac biomarkers (nonspecific; lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, myoglobulin, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB, myosin light chains, ST2, and ischemia-modified albumin) and novel emerging cardiac-specific biomarkers (cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and miRNAs). Besides, noninvasive anatomical and electrophysiological markers (carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcification, and heart rate variability) in CVDs and obesity are also discussed. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the progression of CVD, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipocytokines are also outlined. These underlying prognostic risk factors predict the onset of future microvascular and macrovascular complications. The understanding of invasive and noninvasive cardiac-specific biomarkers and the risk factors may yield valuable insights into the pathophysiology and prevention of CVD in a high-risk obese population at an early stage.

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Section: Alt and Astmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Invasive and Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases

Parsanathan

Jain

2020

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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“…AST increases in blood 3-4 hours after AMI, reaches the maximum value in blood in 15-28 hours and returns to normal values within 5 days (19). However, despite the high sensitivity for AMI, AST is a non-specific biomarker of cardiac tissue, wherein its activity can also increase in several other conditions including hepatic congestion secondary to congestive heart failure, myocarditis, electrical cardioversion, pericarditis, tachyarrhythmias, pulmonary embolism, and shock (20).…”

Section: : Aspartate Aminotransferase (Ast)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An historical approach to the diagnostic biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome

Danese

Montagnana

2016

Annals of Translational Medicine

151

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Suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of admission to the emergency departments in Western countries but also an increasing cause in many other nations. The diagnosis of AMI involves the evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms, electrocardiographic assessment, and measurement of cardiac circulating biomarkers. In the last sixty years, the use of laboratory markers has changed considerably. Early biomarkers assessment has entailed testing for total enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Advances in electrophoresis allowed the identification of more cardio-specific isoenzymes of both CK and LDH, thus leading to the introduction of the CK-MB and LDH-1 activity assays. Soon thereafter, the development of immunoassays, as well as technical advances in automation, allowed the measurements of the CK-MB in mass rather than in activity and myoglobin. Currently, cardiac troponins have the highest sensitivity and specificity for myocardial necrosis and represent the biochemical gold standard for diagnosing AMI. This review provides a chronology of the major events which marked the evolution of cardiac biomarkers testing and the development of the relative assays from the first introduction of AST in the 1950s to the last high sensitivity troponin immunoassays in the 2010s.

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“…The results vary widely because of differing analytical methodology and also differences due to age, sex, race, and level of physical activity. [ 12 ] The kidneys are the organs that serve in several essential regulatory posts in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, and regulation of blood pressure (via maintaining salt and water balance).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-chronic toxicity of gold nanoparticles in male mice

2015

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Background:Gold nanoparticles have many industrial applications; moreover, they are photothermic agents for clinical treatment of cancer. This study was provided to investigate the effects associated with different doses of applied gold nanoparticles by injection and contact procedures on the alterations of the serum levels and certain factors in male mice.Materials and Methods:72 male mice were randomly assigned into two protocols in terms of touching and injection. The injection protocol was included of five groups: Sham, control, 25, 50, and 100 ppm. They received gold nanoparticles at 25, 50, and 100 ppm concentrations administered in form of 0.3 ml/day for the period of 14 days and that of touching protocol were received 0.2 ml/day gold nanoparticles. Blood sample of which was taken to measure the serum level of creatine kinase phosphate, fasting blood, creatinine, albumin, blood urea nitrogen and eventually, the kidney was dissected for the intent of pathological analysis.Results:The serum level of creatine kinase phosphate and fasting blood sugar at middle dose was significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) in touching protocol. In both protocols, the serum level of creatinine in high and medium doses showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) associated with the treated group. In the touching method, in high and medium doses administered to the treated group, the alteration was significant (P ≤ 0.05). In the both protocols, the serum level of albumin in high and medium doses of the treated group showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Thus, the gold nanoparticles could result in undesirable effects upon kidney tissue.Conclusion:The result of this study indicated that the administration of gold nanoparticles by touching method was more effective on the serum levels of these factors than that of injection method.

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Cardiac enzymes

Cited by 21 publications

References 129 publications

Novel Invasive and Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases

Novel Invasive and Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases

An historical approach to the diagnostic biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome

Sub-chronic toxicity of gold nanoparticles in male mice

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