“…miR-133 is a negative regulator of fibrosis by downregulation of CTGF [ 161 ]. miR-433 is shown to be a trigger of cardiac fibrosis through inhibition of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) and JNK1 in cardiac fibroblasts [ 162 ]. In addition, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-199, and miR-21 increase the expression of TGFβ/Smad3 by downregulation of AZIN1, whereas miR-15, miR-199, miR-21, miR-29, and miR-208 can decrease the expression of JNK1, leading to increase of pSmad3 expression.…”