Cardiac involvement in COVID‐19 patients: Risk factors, predictors, and complications: A review

Aghagoli, Ghazal; Marin, Benjamin Gallo; Soliman, Luke; Sellke, Frank W.

doi:10.1111/jocs.14538

Cited by 161 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2, like other viral infections, can cause pericarditis and resulting pericardial effusion; however, it is usually entailing an acute course. It is postulated that SARS-CoV-2 can cause an exaggerated inflammatory response that may lead to pericardial inflammation and pericardial effusion [ 4 - 6 ]. The pericardial sac typically holds up to 50 mL of fluid of plasma ultrafiltrate for lubrication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute COVID-19 Infection Presenting as Indolent Large Pericardial Effusion

Ejikeme

Gonzalez

Elkattawy

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Reports of complications as a result of COVID-19 infection are emerging since the virus became a pandemic. Although not fully understood, reports show that the COVID-19 virus has shown acute pericardial involvement resulting from this infection. It can cause a wide range of manifestations from minimal effusion to large effusion with tamponade; however, there is little or no data on an indolent course of COVID-19 infection and its resulting manifestations. Here we describe a patient who had minimal disease symptoms for weeks, resulting in sizeable pericardial effusion formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute COVID-19 Infection Presenting as Indolent Large Pericardial Effusion

Ejikeme

Gonzalez

Elkattawy

et al. 2020

Cureus

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“…Standard chest X-ray has a proven predictive strength and may be included for all patients undergoing intubation anesthesia [46,47] Low-dose chest CT scan has an even higher predictive value for an active COVID-19 infection and may be performed in cases where other methods of COVID-19 testing are not available or inconclusive [47, 49,50]. Clinical imaging should be analyzed for COVID-19-associated peripheral, uni-/bilateral pulmonary infiltration patterns that manifest consistently during the initial phases of the disease [9,10,46,47,49]. The authors suggest that these recommendations on diagnostic imaging are frequently reviewed by the facility's anesthesiology provider and adaptations are made as soon as the other tests achieve higher accuracy, better predictive power and wider availability.…”

Section: Pre-anesthetic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Follow-up CT in the intermediate stage of disease shows an increase in the number and size of GGOs and progressive transformation of GGO into multifocal consolidative opacities, septal thickening, and development of a crazy paving pattern, with the greatest severity of CT findings visible around day 10 after the symptom onset. Cardiac involvement and arrhythmic complications in COVID-19-positive patients have been described [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elective, Non-urgent Procedures and Aesthetic Surgery in the Wake of SARS–COVID-19: Considerations Regarding Safety, Feasibility and Impact on Clinical Management

Kaye¹,

Paprottka²,

Escudero³

et al. 2020

Aesth Plast Surg

101

145

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Background The worldwide spread of a novel coronavirus disease has led to a near total stop of nonurgent, elective surgeries across all specialties in most affected countries. In the field of aesthetic surgery, the selfimposed moratorium for all aesthetic surgery procedures recommended by most international scientific societies has been adopted by many surgeons worldwide and resulted in a huge socioeconomic impact for most private practices and clinics. An important question still unanswered in most countries is when and how should elective/aesthetic procedures be scheduled again and what kind of organizational changes are necessary to protect patients and healthcare workers when clinics and practices reopen. Defining manageable, evidence-based protocols for testing, surgical/ procedural risk mitigation and clinical flow management/contamination management will be paramount for the safety of non-urgent surgical procedures. Methods We conducted a MEDLINE/PubMed research for all available publications on COVID-19 and surgery and COVID-19 and anesthesia. Articles and referenced literature describing possible procedural impact factors leading to exacerbation of the clinical evolution of COVID-19positive patients were identified to perform risk stratification for elective surgery. Based on these impact factors, considerations for patient selection, choice of procedural complexity, duration of procedure, type of anesthesia, etc., are discussed in this article and translated into algorithms for surgical/anesthesia risk management and clinical management. Current recommendations and published protocols on contamination control, avoidance of crosscontamination and procedural patient flow are reviewed. A COVID-19 testing guideline protocol for patients planning to undergo elective aesthetic surgery is presented and recommendations are made regarding adaptation of current patient information/informed consent forms and patient health questionnaires. Conclusion The COVID-19 crisis has led to unprecedented challenges in the acute management of the crisis, and the wave only recently seems to flatten out in some countries. The adaptation of surgical and procedural steps for a riskminimizing management of potential COVID-19-positive patients seeking to undergo elective aesthetic procedures in the wake of that wave will present the next big challenge for the aesthetic surgery community. We propose a clinical algorithm to enhance patient safety in elective surgery in the context of COVID-19 and to minimize cross-contamination between healthcare workers and patients. New evidence-based guidelines regarding surgical risk stratification, testing, and clinical flow management/contamination management are proposed. We believe that only the continuous development and broad implementation of guidelines like the ones proposed in this paper will allow an early reintegration of all aesthetic procedures into the scope of surgical care currently performed and to prepare

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“…Ox-HDL initiates an inflammatory cascading with inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukins (IL-6, IL-1), and increasing of Angiotensin II (ANG II), a biomarker for early cardiovascular system disorders [104]. This made the obese individuals are more sensitive to heart failure due to infection of COVID-19 [106]. Up-regulation of HO-1-derived bilirubin may enhance the COVID-19 bad effect, this risk was reduced by an increased HO-1 level [107,108].…”

Section: Heme Oxygenase-1 Enzyme (Ho-1) Genetic Polymorphisms and Covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Evolution between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity: Insights on Population Susceptibility and Potential Therapeutic Innovations

Al-Azzawi¹,

Sakr²

2021

Genetic Variation

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The DNA sequences are different between the distinct individuals and these variations produce the species genetic diversity. SARS-CoV-2 virus is a zoonotic SARS-like coronavirus that spreads globally, causing the COVID-19 pandemic disease. The immune response genes are the most various and different in the human genome, correlating with infectious diseases. Genetic variants in the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, TMPRSS2, HO-1, BCL11A, and CYP2D6 are predicted to either encourage or inhibit the interaction with the viral proteins and subsequently contribute to coronavirus genetic risk factors. The genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by analyzing different genes' polymorphisms such as ACE2 and TMPRSS2, HO-1, and BCL11A. A specific genetic susceptibility to COVID-19 was found through different populations in TMPRSS2, ACE2, HO-1, and BCL11A genes. Particularly, ACE2 gene polymorphisms were shown to be correlated with pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions by modifying the angiotensinogen-ACE2 system, which recommends the possible explanations of COVID-19 susceptibility based on genetic diversity. Moreover, the COVID-19 treatment could be complicated by such genetic polymorphisms. In conclusion, a good characterization of functional polymorphisms and the host genetics can assist in identifying the pathophysiology of the disease pathway to stratify the risk evaluation and to personalize the treatment procedures.

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Cardiac involvement in COVID‐19 patients: Risk factors, predictors, and complications: A review

Cited by 161 publications

References 21 publications

Subacute COVID-19 Infection Presenting as Indolent Large Pericardial Effusion

Subacute COVID-19 Infection Presenting as Indolent Large Pericardial Effusion

Elective, Non-urgent Procedures and Aesthetic Surgery in the Wake of SARS–COVID-19: Considerations Regarding Safety, Feasibility and Impact on Clinical Management

Co-Evolution between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity: Insights on Population Susceptibility and Potential Therapeutic Innovations

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