Cardiac Output Monitoring

Haskins, Steve C.

doi:10.1002/9781118997246.ch12

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Right femoral artery cannulation allowed continuous blood pressure measurement and collection of arterial blood samples. A pulmonary arterial catheter was placed through the right or left jugular vein to allow the measurement of cardiac output by a bolus thermodilution method and other cardiorespiratory variables using previously described methods (Haskins, ). At the end of the experiment, the pigs were killed with pentobarbital sodium (120 mg kg −1 i.v .).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas density alters expiratory time constants before and after experimental lung injury

Henderson

Molgat‐Seon

Dominelli

et al. 2015

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?Does the induction of a model of lung injury affect the expiratory time constant (τ E ) in terms of either total duration or morphology? Does ventilation with gases of different densities alter the duration or morphology of τ E either before or after injury? r What is the main finding and its importance?The use of sulfur hexafluoride in ventilating gas mixtures lengthens total expiratory time constants before and after lung injury compared with both nitrogen and helium mixtures. Sulfur hexafluoride mixtures also decrease the difference and variability of τ E between fastand slow-emptying compartments before and after injury when compared with nitrogen and helium mixtures.Acute lung injury is characterized by regional heterogeneity of lung resistance and elastance that may lead to regional heterogeneity of expiratory time constants (τ E ). We hypothesized that increasing airflow resistance by using inhaled sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) would lengthen time constants and decrease their heterogeneity in an experimental model of lung injury when compared with nitrogen or helium mixtures. To overcome the limitations of a single-compartment model, we employed a multisegment model of expiratory gas flow. An experimental model of lung injury was created using intratracheal injection of sodium polyacrylate in anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated female Yorkshire-cross pigs (n = 7). The animals were ventilated with 50% O 2 and the remaining 50% as nitrogen (N 2 ), helium (He) or sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ). Values for τ E decreased with injury and were more variable after injury than before (P < 0.001). Values for τ E increased throughout expiration both before and after injury, and the rate of increase in τ E was lessened by SF 6 (P < 0.001 when compared with N 2 both before and after injury). Altering the inhaled gas density did not affect indices of oxygenation, dead space or shunt. The use of SF 6 in ventilating gas mixtures lengthens total expiratory time constants before and after lung injury compared with both N 2 and He mixtures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas density alters expiratory time constants before and after experimental lung injury

Henderson

Molgat‐Seon

Dominelli

et al. 2015

Experimental Physiology

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“…doi: 10.1292/jvms. For cardiac output measurement using the thermodilution method, 5% dextrose solution at a temperature of 0-4°C was rapidly and manually administered as a 5-ml injectate into the proximal port of the Swan-Ganz catheter at the end of expiration [11]. At each time point, three values with <10% variations among five consecutive measurements were chosen, and the average of these values was determined as the cardiac output.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Positioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary changes induced by retroperitoneal insufflation in healthy dogs in sternal recumbency with the abdomen unsupported

Son

Jeong

et al. 2020

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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This study assessed the effects of retroperitoneal carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) insufflation on cardiopulmonary variables and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in mechanically ventilated dogs in sternal recumbency with the abdomen unsupported, following placement of a positioning kit and towels under the pectoral and pelvic regions. General anesthesia was induced in eight healthy adult male Beagles. A Swan-Ganz catheter was placed in the pulmonary artery via the jugular vein for cardiac output measurements. A Foley urethral catheter was placed to monitor transvesical IAP. A 10 mm balloon blunt-tip trocar was inserted into the retroperitoneal space. With a fixed respiratory rate and tidal volume by mechanical ventilation, insufflation pressure was sequentially increased from 0 to 10 mmHg in 5 mmHg increments, followed by desufflation. All variables were measured before insufflation, 5 min after the establishment of each insufflation pressure, and after desufflation. At 10 mmHg, the IAP was nearly equal to insufflation pressure. Cardiopulmonary function was not compromised at any point, although the cardiac index (CI), heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased within normal ranges. End-tidal CO 2 concentration, arterial CO 2 partial pressure, and oxygen delivery index (DO 2 I) increased, whereas pH decreased, at 10 mmHg. CI, MAP, and DO 2 I did not recover to baseline after decompression. Thus, retroperitoneal CO 2 insufflation up to 10 mmHg is well tolerated by mechanically ventilated dogs positioned in sternal recumbency with the abdomen unsupported, although sympathetic changes may occur with an insufflation pressure increase.

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Cardiac Output Monitoring

Cited by 2 publications

References 66 publications

Gas density alters expiratory time constants before and after experimental lung injury

Gas density alters expiratory time constants before and after experimental lung injury

Cardiopulmonary changes induced by retroperitoneal insufflation in healthy dogs in sternal recumbency with the abdomen unsupported

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