Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly reactive chemical entities that include oxygen regulated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. ROS contribute significantly to cell homeostasis in the heart by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. When ROS generation surpasses the ability of the antioxidant defense mechanisms to buffer them, oxidative stress develops, resulting in cellular and molecular disorders and eventually in heart failure. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in developing hypoxia- and ischemia-reperfusion-related cardiovascular disorders. This article aimed to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases such as hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses on the various clinical events and oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular pathophysiology, highlighting the benefits of new experimental treatments such as creatine supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, microRNAs, and antioxidant supplements in addition to physical exercise

Effect of Amlodipine on Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Cardiac Oxidative Stress in Rats

“…MDA as observed in this study previously demonstrated induction of oxidative stress [4,12,18,20]. This position was further supported by other studies [23,24,25].…”

The Impact of Exercise on Redox Equilibrium in Cardiovascular Diseases

“…CVDs constitute disorders manifested by a chronic inflammatory state and alterations of the oxidant–antioxidant balance of the oxidative stress character [ 91 , 92 ]. It is common knowledge, however, that muscle activity during physical exercise leads to a significant increase in ROS concentration and improves the antioxidant defense system in the organism [ 93 , 94 ].…”

“…As mentioned, CVDs are disorders characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation in the myocardium and blood vessels [ 91 , 92 ]. Oxidative stress may be both a primary and a secondary factor of many CVDs [ 106 ].…”

Role of Nutrients and Foods in Attenuation of Cardiac Remodeling through Oxidative Stress Pathways

“…For ease of reading, we divided the nutrients into four sections: Diets (ketogenic diet, hypocaloric diet), Macronutrients (fats/lipids, carbohydrates, proteins), Micronutrients (vitamins, minerals), and Phytochemicals/Phytonutrients. The markers of OS described in this review included ROS; products of oxidative damage in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipids, and proteins; and evaluation of endogenous components in pro-oxidative and antioxidative systems [ 7 ].…”