Cardiac response to exercise in young, normal weight and overweight men and women

Vella, Chantal; Zubia, Raul Y.; Burns, Stephen F.; Ontiveros, Diana

doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0918-0

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Vibration increased SV and cardiac indices to a greater extent in obese than lean women, which is in accordance with data reported in obese adults during voluntary aerobic exercise (Vella et al 2009). The greater increase in cardiac output index in our obese group could be the result of a reduced capacity for oxygen extraction, linked to alterations in glucose uptake and mitochondrial density reported in obesity (Kumagai et al 2002;Calbet & Lundby, 2012).…”

Section: Haemodynamic Responses During Vibration In Lean and Obese Womensupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In the present study, we used WBV to examine the influence of mechanically induced contractions on the BP and HR responses and the baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) in obese women. Based on findings in obese individuals using voluntary exercise modalities (Vella et al 2009;Dipla et al 2010), we hypothesized that obese women would exhibit increased central haemodynamic responses (stroke volume and cardiac output index) to passive WBV and an augmented BP response compared with their lean counterparts. In addition, we hypothesized that obese women would experience a blunted HR response, altered parasympathetic modulation and lower vasomotor ability during vibration compared with lean women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, normotensive individuals with obesity often exhibit exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses during incremental exercise testing and altered heart rate (HR) responses to voluntary dynamic and isometric exercise (Byrne & Hills, 2002;Gondoni et al 2009;Vella et al 2009). Although these alterations have been associated with the development of future hypertension (Miyai et al 2013), the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exaggerated haemodynamic and neural responses to involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration in normotensive obese versus lean women

Δίπλα

Kousoula

Zafeiridis

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?In obesity, the exaggerated blood pressure response to voluntary exercise is linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We examined whether involuntary contractions elicit greater haemodynamic responses and altered neural control of blood pressure in normotensive obese versus lean women. r What is the main finding and its importance? During involuntary contractions induced by whole-body vibration, there were augmented blood pressure and spontaneous baroreflex responses in obese compared with lean women. This finding is suggestive of an overactive mechanoreflex in the exercise-induced hypertensive response in obesity. Passive contractions did not elicit differential heart rate responses in obese compared with lean women, implying other mechanisms for the blunted heart rate response reported during voluntary exercise in obesity.In obesity, the exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to exercise is linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we examined whether involuntary mechanical oscillations, induced by whole-body vibration (WBV), elicit greater haemodynamic responses and altered neural control of BP in obese versus lean women. Twenty-two normotensive, premenopausal women (12 lean and 10 obese) randomly underwent a passive WBV (25 Hz) and a control protocol (similar posture without WVB). Beat-by-beat BP, heart rate, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, parasympathetic output (evaluated by heart rate variability) and spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity (sBRS) were assessed. We found that during WBV, obese women exhibited an augmented systolic BP response compared with lean women that was correlated with body fat percentage (r = 0.77; P < 0.05). The exaggerated BP rise was driven mainly by the greater increase in cardiac output index in obese versus lean women, associated with a greater stroke volume index in obese women. Involuntary contractions did not elicit a differential magnitude of responses in heart rate, heart rate variability indices and systemic vascular resistance in obese versus lean women; however, they did result in greater sBRS responses (P < 0.05) in obese women. In conclusion, involuntary contractions elicited an augmented BP and sBRS response in normotensive obese versus lean women. The

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Section: Haemodynamic Responses During Vibration In Lean and Obese Womensupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exaggerated haemodynamic and neural responses to involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration in normotensive obese versus lean women

Δίπλα

Kousoula

Zafeiridis

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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“…Therefore, characterizing and understanding the cardiac functional changes during exercise that occur with obesity are of emerging importance. We (Vella et al 2009) previously reported that young, overweight adults (mean BMI 29.3 kg m -2 , range 26-33 kg m -2 ) had higher cardiac output but similar VO 2 during submaximal exercise compared with age-and fitness-matched controls. These results suggest that oxygen extraction, rather than oxygen delivery (cardiac function) may be compromised in healthy, young, overweight subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cardiac function and arteriovenous oxygen difference during exercise in obese adults

2010

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The purpose of this study was to assess cardiac function and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO(2) difference) at rest and during exercise in young, normal-weight (n = 20), and obese (n = 12) men and women who were matched for age and fitness level. Participants were assessed for body composition, peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)), and cardiac variables (thoracic bioimpedance)-cardiac index (CI), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and ejection fraction (EF)-at rest and during cycling exercise at 65% of VO(2peak). Differences between groups were assessed with multivariate ANOVA and mixed-model ANOVA with repeated measures controlling for sex. Absolute VO(2peak) and VO(2peak) relative to fat-free mass (FFM) were similar between normal-weight and obese groups (Mean ± SEE 2.7 ± 0.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.3 l min(-1), p = 0.084 and 52.4 ± 1.5 vs. 50.9 ± 2.3 ml kg FFM(-1) min(-1), p = 0.583, respectively). In the obese group, resting Q and SV were higher (6.7 ± 0.4 vs. 4.9 ± 0.1 l min(-1), p < 0.001 and 86.8 ± 4.3 vs. 65.8 ± 1.9 ml min(-1), p < 0.001, respectively) and EF lower (56.4 ± 2.2 vs. 65.5 ± 2.2%, p = 0.003, respectively) when compared with the normal-weight group. During submaximal exercise, the obese group demonstrated higher mean CI (8.8 ± 0.3 vs. 7.7 ± 0.2 l min(-1) m(-2), p = 0.007, respectively), Q (19.2 ± 0.9 vs. 13.1 ± 0.3 l min(-1), p < 0.001, respectively), and SV (123.0 ± 5.6 vs. 88.9 ± 4.1 ml min(-1), p < 0.001, respectively) and a lower a-vO(2) difference (10.4 ± 1.0 vs. 14.0 ± 0.7 ml l00 ml(-1), p = 0.002, respectively) compared with controls. Our study suggests that the ability to extract oxygen during exercise may be impaired in obese individuals.

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“…2) Significantly low resting PSD in obese compared to overweight with similar LF/HF and BRS in the 3 groups (Table 1) Increased muscle and adipose tissue mass of obese subjects may have high metabolic requirements leading to high SI and CI and low TPRI [32]. A study reported ethnicity and total fat mass adjusted high resting stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) in obese subjects compared to lean [34]. In comparison, we found significantly lower SI and CI and higher TPRI in overweight and obese with SI being the lowest in obese.…”

Section: Correlations Of Obesity Parameters With Hemodynamic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic and Autonomic Reactivity to Mental and Physical Stress in Lean, Overweight and Obese Subjects

Jaju¹,

M²,

Malekinejad³

et al. 2016

Journal of Obesity and Overweight

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Obesity is a known risk for cardio-metabolic diseases such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease [1,2], type-2 diabetes mellitus [3] and comorbidities like obstructive sleep apnea [4]. Previous studies showed hemodynamic and autonomic alterations in lean compared to obese [5,6] such as increased resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) [5,7], muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) [5,7,8], left ventricular mass index [9] and low frequency spectrum of heart rate variability (HRV) [6]. Contrary to this, autonomic activity was also shown to decrease with obesity [10,11] and had inverse relationship with body fat percentage [1]. AbstractObjective: There could be progressive changes in hemodynamic and autonomic parameters causing cardiovascular damage from lean to morbid obesity. We aim to study resting and reactivity of hemodynamic and autonomic parameters to physical and mental stress in lean, overweight and obese subjects of the Oman Family Study (OFS). Materials and Methods:Normal subjects from OFS, grouped as lean (N=437; Males=194), overweight (N=366; Males=172) and obese (N=214; Males=90) based on WHO classification of BMI underwent impedance cardiography and spectral analysis to estimate hemodynamic and autonomic parameters at rest and during 3min of word conflict test (WCT) and cold pressor test (CPT). Results: At rest, overweight had high BP compared to lean, similar BP in overweight and obese and lowest stroke index (SI) in obese and low power spectral density (P<0.05) in obese compared to overweight. The changes (∆) in HR, mean BP, cardiac and peripheral resistance index were similar in 3 groups during WCT. Autonomic responses to WCT and CPT were similar in 3 groups. Obesity measures (BMI, % fat) showed monotonic correlations with resting hemodynamic and autonomic parameters and with ∆WCT and CPT HR and SI.

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Cardiac response to exercise in young, normal weight and overweight men and women

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Exaggerated haemodynamic and neural responses to involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration in normotensive obese versus lean women

Exaggerated haemodynamic and neural responses to involuntary contractions induced by whole‐body vibration in normotensive obese versus lean women

Cardiac function and arteriovenous oxygen difference during exercise in obese adults

Hemodynamic and Autonomic Reactivity to Mental and Physical Stress in Lean, Overweight and Obese Subjects

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