Cardiac Responses to Thermal, Physical, and Emotional Stress

Taggart, Peter; Parkinson, Peter; Carruthers, Malcolm

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5818.71

Cited by 100 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Whereas there has been much discussion on the relative proportions of the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted in response to a particular emotion, it is known that strong physical exertion is associated with a predominant increase in noradrenaline (Taggart, Parkinson, et al, 1972). Such an increase was conspicuously absent in the present study, supporting the contention of those who participate in this sport that it is mainly an emotional rather than physical challenge which is presented by the rock face.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Rock climbing: observations on heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentrations and the influence of oxprenolol.

Williams¹,

Taggart²,

Carruthers³

1978

Br J Sports Med

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Observations are presented on the electrocardiogram and plasma catecholamine concentrations of 11 healthy men monitored during two rock climbing ascents. A placebo was administered prior to the first climb and an oral dose of the beta blocking agent oxprenolol ("Trasicor") prior to the second. Mean heart rates were 166 (± 20.4 SD) and 120 (+ 10.2) respectively. Median plasma adrenaline concentrations were 0.05 ,ug/1 and 0.33 gg/1 before and after the climbs following the placebo. No significant difference was observed in the adrenaline concentrations before and after climbing following oxprenolol, or of noradrenaline concentrations on either occasion.These results are interpreted as suggesting that this popular sport represents more an anxiety-type of psychological stress than a physical stress and as such is likely to increase moral fibre rather than muscle fibre. INTRODUCTI ON METHODSIncreasing affluence and leisure has swelled the ranks of those who partake in recreation requiring physical fitness greater than that demanded by their work. The modern epidemic of coronary artery disease has also focussed attention upon the desirability of 'keeping fit' (Turner and Ball, 1973 It is therefore appropriate to consider whether this form of exercise is likely to be useful in securing the increasingly sought-after benefits of regular physical exertion which have been reveiwed at length by Astrand and Rodahl (1970). Alternatively, is rock climbing one means, among others, of producing the psychological fitness assuring the climber that he possesses the necessary skill, strength, endurance and experience to complete his chosen climb? (Edwards 1975). SubjectsEleven men who were either members of the police force undergoing arduous training or professional climbing instructors with apparently normal hearts (the police had been medically examined and the instructors' occupation was assumed to preclude cardiac abnormality) volunteered to participate in the study. Their mean age was 31 (range 24-48) and experience varied from novice to professional. ProcedureEach subject undertook two climbs, the first in the morning and the second in the afternoon, the whole study being completed in the course of a single day. A single blind technique was used, each subject being given a placebo tablet one hour prior to his climb in the morning and an oral dose of the beta-blocking agent oxprenolol one hour before his second climb in the afternoon.The climbs which were conducted on the sandstone cliff Bowles Rocks near Tunbridge Wells were so chosen that they were of comparable difficulty for each of the subjects' first and second ascents. Different routes were 125

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Rock climbing: observations on heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentrations and the influence of oxprenolol.

Williams¹,

Taggart²,

Carruthers³

1978

Br J Sports Med

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“…The majority of evidence from studies using able bodied subjects suggests that sauna exposure is more likely to in crease the concentration of noradrenalin than adrenalin. 17,23,26 In the present study. only NA in the P group increased signifi cantly during sauna.…”

Section: Sauna and The Spinal Injured 417mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of sauna on tetraplegic and paraplegic subjects

et al. 1992

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Six tetraplegic (T) and 4 paraplegic (P) subjects underwent a 20-minute pre sauna phase (30 0e DB; 65% RH), and an up to IS-minute sauna (85°e DB; < 10% RH), followed by a 15 minute post sauna phase (30 0e DB; 65% RH). During all phases subjects wore a bathing suit and remained supine on a hospital trolley. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded during all phases. Rectal temperature (Trec) was measured by a probe (AD590) inserted approximately 14 cm into the rectum. Oral temperature (Toral) also utilising (AD590) circuitry was recorded simultaneously with Trec. Skin temperature (Tsk) (AD590) was measured on the head, chest, right thigh and right calf. Forehead sweat rate (SR) was determined from dew point temperature (Tdp). A catheter was inserted into a dorsal hand or foot vein and venous blood was withdrawn at selected times and analysed for haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct), and the separated plasma was analysed for glucose (Glu), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (el-). Venous blood sampled just prior to entering and just prior to leaving the sauna, was analysed for adrenalin (A) and noradrenalin (NA) using high performance liquid chromatography.For both groups HR rose significantly during the sauna with a significant decline in HR for the P group during the post sauna phase. There were no significant changes in systolic BP for either group. A significant decline in diastolic BP was found for the T group during the post sauna phase. There were no episodes of syncope. Trec for the T group rose significantly from 37.03 ± 0.31 °C at rest to 37.81 ± 0.32 °e after 15 minutes of sauna, and Trec continued to rise during the post sauna phase to reach 38. 24 ± 0. 61 0c. Trec for the P group also rose significantly from 37. 27 ± 0.04 °e at rest to reach 37.75 ± O.17°e and 37.94 ± 0.20oe at the end of the sauna and post sauna phase respectively. Toral increased significantly for T and P groups during sauna to reach 39.50 ± 0.18 °e and 39.38 ± 0. 48 °e respectively. There were significant increases in all Tsk during sauna for both groups.SR increased significantly during the sauna for the P group but not for the T group. The loss in body weight was significantly higher for the P group (0.49 ± 0.17 kg) than the T group (0.173 ± 0.13 kg). The changes in Hb, Hct, Glu, Na +, K+, Cl-, and A were not significant. The NA concentration rose significantly during sauna for the P group. It would appear that sauna bathing for up to 15 minutes for tetraplegics and paraplegics with a normal body temperature is a safe procedure.

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“…During the training mesocycle followed by athletic recovery treatment in the Group B the input systolic pressure parameters were within the limits typical for the mesocycle without athletic recovery treatment, however the limits were wider. Comparative analysis of the changes in the systolic blood pressure values obtained in the Cycle I to the specialist literature allows for a conclusion that systolic blood pressure adaptive responses to high-intensity weight training in Groups A and B follow the pattern of normotonic changes [24,[28][29][30] The observed finding result from a multi-factor impact on athletes hemodynamics [22,[26][27]31] Local massage was delivered to muscles that were most loaded during training. After delivery of this treatment during the second training mesocycle, a tendency to substantial decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed as compared to relevant post-training parameters.…”

Section: Pedagogics Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-training diastolic blood pressure parameters in both groups increased slightly after the training, however the change is not statistically significant. Many researchers underline the multifactorial relations among hemodynamics components [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Pedagogics Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of athletic recovery parameters of hemodynamics in disabled powerlifters with cerebral palsy

Prystypa¹,

Stefaniak²,

Руденко³

2017

PPS

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Purpose:Sport as one of physical culture components renders extremely complex impact on various environments and is enormously popular. In Poland disabled powerlifting represents top world standards. Aim of work: aims at examination of impact of biological regeneration on blood pressure and pulse in CP class 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 disabled power-lifters with normal upper extremities function. Material:The research material comprised twenty 18-30 years old disabled power-lifters with cerebral palsy and normal function of upper extremities who are active members of "Start-Impel" sports club in Wroclaw. The research was carried out in 2 identical cycles on the same disabled sportsmen. Cycle I comprised primary research, while Cycle II, as secondary research, was carried out 5 months later. The micro-cycles were identical as regards training and biological regeneration schedules on particular weekdays, which guaranteed optimal research conditions. Results:Results of the research allowed formation of the following parameters of pressure and pulse dynamics: 1. Post-training systolic blood pressure shows increasing dynamics; 2. During training meso-cycle with biological regeneration in Group A systolic pressure parameters were considerably lower than during the meso-cycle without biological renovation; 3. Diastolic pressure measured before training in both groups remains at 70-80 mm Hg, while post-training pressure increases to 82-86 mm Hg; 4. Post-training pulse measures are always higher than starting measures. Conclusions:Combination of strength training and complex biological regeneration has positive impact on dynamics of blood pressure and pulse hemodynamic parameters, which in turn boosts training effectiveness.

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Cardiac Responses to Thermal, Physical, and Emotional Stress

Cited by 100 publications

References 13 publications

Rock climbing: observations on heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentrations and the influence of oxprenolol.

Rock climbing: observations on heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentrations and the influence of oxprenolol.

The effects of sauna on tetraplegic and paraplegic subjects

Impact of athletic recovery parameters of hemodynamics in disabled powerlifters with cerebral palsy

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