Cardiac Toxicity of Triclosan in Developing Zebrafish

Abstract

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent found in personal care products that has become prevalent in surface waters. TCS readily bioaccumulates within aquatic organisms, and has been found to be toxic to fish. In larval fishes, exposure to TCS disrupts a variety of developmental processes, impairs hatching success, and causes pericardial edema. In mammals, TCS exposure disrupts excitation-contraction-coupling in cardiac cells, which is associated with reductions in cardiac output. Here, we examine the impacts of TCS on heart function to better understand potential risks that TCS may pose to wild fish. Zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.4, 40, and 400 μg TCS/L from 8 to 120 h postfertilization via static waterborne exposure with daily renewal. We examined the incidence of pericardial edema, and the impacts on heart structure and heart function. While incidence of pericardial edema increased following exposure to ≥40 μg TCS/L and the structure of the heart was altered, cardiac output was only reduced following exposure to 400 μg TCS/L. A small but significant proportion of embryos showed increased incidence of regurgitation following exposure to ≥0.4 μg TCS/L. Our findings suggest that acute exposure to TCS has the potential to cause subtle cardiac toxicity in developing fish, and further evaluation of the risks TCS pose to wild fish and human health is needed.

Metabolomic profiling of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to the antibacterial agent triclosan

“…However, the edema rate in embryos at 96 hpf in the 300‐μg/L exposure group was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) than the rate observed in the other exposure groups and the solvent control (Supplemental Data, Figure S2). The elevated edema rate indicates that triclosan‐induced cardiac toxicity can occur at 300 μg/L, which is consistent with previous reports suggesting that triclosan can cause subtle impacts on heart function, such as decreased heartbeat, stroke volume, and cardiac output (Saley et al ). Triclosan has been shown to block excitation‐coupled Ca 2+ entry and weaken cardiac muscle (Cherednichenko et al ).…”

Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan impairs foraging efficiency in zebrafish larvae

“…Zebrafish eggs (2-4 h post fertilization [hpf]) were placed into a 24-well cell culture plate containing 1 mL of dosing solutions that contained 0 (vehicle control), 0.4, 4, or 40 mg triclosan/L (nominal concentrations). Concentrations were selected to be within a range that would be environmentally relevant (0.4 and 4 mg/L) and likely to cause a subtle effect on structure without overt toxicity (40 mg/L; Carmosini et al 2016;Saley et al 2016). Solutions were exchanged once daily (100%) through 5 d post fertilization (dpf).…”

“…In fish larvae, acute exposure results in 96-or 120-h median lethal concentrations ranging from 260 to 1700 mg triclosan/L (Orvos et al 2002;Ishibashi et al 2004;Oliveira et al 2009;Nassef et al 2010;Carmosini et al 2016). Impacts of triclosan exposure on development rates and time to hatch vary by species (Ishibashi et al 2004;Oliveira et al 2009;Salierno et al 2016), and exposure to sublethal concentrations of triclosan exceeding environmental concentrations results in cardiovascular defects and craniofacial and spinal malformations (Parrott and Bennie 2009;Nassef et al 2010;Carmosini et al 2016;Saley et al 2016). Several studies also demonstrate that developmental exposure to triclosan culminates in latent mortality following depuration, perhaps due to reduced foraging efficiency (Orvos et al 2002;Oliveira et al 2009;Nassef et al 2010;Salierno et al 2016).…”

Toxicity of Cosmetic Products: Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals

“…68 Zebra balıklarında yapılan bir çalışmada, gelişmekte olan balıklarda kardiyak toksisitesine neden olabileceği gösterilmiştir. 69 İnsanlarda triklosan maruziyeti sonucu, triklosan plazma ve anne sütünde saptanmış olup, bu durumun erken meme gelişimiyle ilgili olabileceği ileri sürülmüştür. 66 Triklosanın bilinen östrojenik ve androjenik endokrin bozuculara ve tiroid hormonuna yapısal benzerliği endokrin bozucu özelliğini düşündürmektedir.…”