Cardiac Transplantation Is Accompanied by Major Changes in the T and Nk Cell Subset Composition Immediately After Transplantation

Iske, Jasper; Wiegmann, Bettina; Ludwig, Kristina; Chichelnitskiy, Evgeny; Ledwoch, N.; Kuehne, J.F.; Siemeni, T.; Salman, J.; Ius, F.; Knoefel, A.; Haverich, Axel; Warnecke, G.; Falk, Christine S.

doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000701748.82618.e4

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“…Clinical data have shown that the number of naive CCR7 + CD45RA + T cells declines, whereas the number of terminally differentiated CCR7 – CD45RO + memory T cells increases gradually with aging. 22,23 Notably, this memory T-cell population is characterized by a distinct phenotype with a changing surface marker expression affecting their function.…”

Section: Phenotypic Features Of Aging T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of T-cell Aging on Alloimmunity and Inflammaging

et al. 2023

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Aging affects immunity broadly through changes caused by immunosenescence, clinically resulting in augmented susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. The most striking alterations associated with immunosenescence have been observed in the T-cell compartment with a significant shift toward a terminally differentiated memory phenotype taking on features of innate immune cells. At the same time, cellular senescence impairs T-cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions, compromising the effectiveness of immunity. In clinical transplantation, T-cell immunosenescence has been the main driver of less frequent acute rejections in older transplant recipients. This patient population, at the same time, suffers more frequently from the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy including higher rates of infections, malignancies, and chronic allograft failure. T-cell senescence has also been identified as an instigator of age-specific organ dysfunction through a process that has been coined “inflammaging,” accelerating organ injury and potentially contributing to the limited lifetime of organ transplants. Here, we provide a summary of the latest evidence on molecular characteristics of T-cell senescence affecting alloimmunity and organ quality while dissecting the consequences of unspecific organ injury and immunosuppression on T-cell senescence. Rather than conceptualizing immunosenescence as a broad and general “weaker” alloimmune response, it appears critical to understand both mechanisms and clinical effects in detail as a basis to refine treatment.

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Section: Phenotypic Features Of Aging T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%