Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease is Associated With Severity and Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

At present, COVID-19 is raging all over the world. Many comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.91–3.74) and hypertension (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.76–3.00), have been shown to worsen the patient’s condition. However, whether cardio-cerebrovascular disease will affect COVID-19 remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we collected studies from PubMed, Wed of Science and CNKI (Chinese) to July 25, which reported COVID-19 patients with and without cardio-cerebrovascular disease as well as their severity and mortality. The random-effect model meta-analysis was used to analyze them and get overall odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs. Funnel plots and the Begg’s and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias. Thirty-one studies with 23,632 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results showed an OR of 3.004 (95% CI = 2.097–4.303) for COVID-19 severity and an OR of 5.587 (95% CI = 2.810–11.112) for COVID-19 mortality. Compared with cardiovascular disease, the subgroup analysis indicated that cerebrovascular disease was more likely to increase the severity (OR = 3.400, 95% CI = 1.569–7.368) and mortality (OR = 23.477, 95% CI = 3.050–180.735) of COVID-19. Therefore, it can be inferred that cardio-cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increase in the risk of severe illness and death among COVID-19 patients. This meta-analysis showed that cardio-cerebrovascular disease has a significant relation with severe and death outcomes of COVID-19. Nurses should pay special attention to COVID-19 patients with the cardio-cerebrovascular disease.

Intention of health care workers to accept COVID-19 vaccination and related factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In a similar way, we found that HCWs with chronic conditions were more prone to get vaccinated against COVID-19. This finding makes sense since HCWs with comorbidity is a high-risk group for complications and death from COVID-19 as this is the case for the general population also according to several meta-analyses [66–70]. Older HCWs with comorbidity confront COVID-19 with fear and anxiety affecting critically their decision to accept a COVID-19 vaccine.…”

Cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19: an umbrella review of systematic reviews

“…Ten moderate quality systematic reviews examined associations between CVD and outcomes with COVID-19. 20 , 21 , 23 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 44 , 49 The largest of which (Luo et al .,) suggested CVD was associated with 2.65 times higher odds of mortality with COVID-19 [pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.86–3.78, n = 30 studies, considerable heterogeneity (I 2 = 86%)]. 33 …”

Interrelations between COVID-19 and other disorders

“…This result has been based on considering 852 patients (603 survivors and 249 non-survivors) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from four retrospective Chinese studies. Several meta-analyses confirmed such association [ [139] , [140] , [141] ]. Particular precautions should be taken in the management of COVID-19 patients with preexisting cerebrovascular disease.…”