Cardiogenic and Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema in a Domestic Cat: Pathological Mechanisms, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatmen

Abstract

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the prevalence of pulmonary oedema in cats and special approaches to their therapy. In this regard, this paper is aimed at identifying aetiological factors, breed predisposition, clinical manifestations, haematological parameters, and radiological signs. Leading in the study of this issue is an integrated approach, which includes consideration of the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and treatment of cats. It was found that in the conditions of the “Vet House” Veterinary Centre (Vinnytsia), cats of the British Shorthair, Sphinx, Maine Coon breeds and their hybrids were most often registered with this pathology. 68 cats were diagnosed with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to hypertrophic, restrictive, and unclassified cardiomyopathy. 42 animals were found to have non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to traumatic brain injury, toxic substance poisoning, anaphylactic reaction, airway obstruction, and electric shock. It was found that the most informative during the differential diagnosis of pulmonary oedema in cats are the results of echocardiography and X-ray examination. It was established that for the differential diagnosis of cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, clinical indicators and results of haematological examination of animals are low in information. It was discovered that therapeutic measures for pulmonary oedema are effective in considering aetiological factors, although at the first stage, for both forms of pulmonary oedema, they are aimed at reducing and eliminating the manifestations of acute respiratory failure. The materials of this paper are of practical value for veterinary doctors of general practice and intensive care on differential diagnosis, prediction of the development of the disease and effective treatment of cats

Acute heart failure and cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism in cats: clinical and echocardiographic features

“…Гостра серцева недостатність клінічно характеризується погіршенням дихання, гіпотермією та виявленням патологічних звуків під час аускультації легень та серця. Дослідження котів за набряку легень показало, що у 61,8 % набряк легень виявився кардіологічним, з них 47 % мали фенотип ГКМП (Zamorska & Grushanska, 2022). Дослідження Kostiuk et al (2020) показало, що рівень виживання у тварин з ГСН був пов'язаний з розміром лівого передсердя, наявністю систолічної дисфункції та ступеня рентгенологічних змін у паренхімі легень.…”

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“…In this case, the right and left atria receive blood that returns to the heart from the body, performing a lower load, and the ventricles (left and right) pump blood from the heart to the body of animals, performing a much higher load. The lungs of mature dogs have a similar structure and morphotopography to those of domestic mammals ( Zamorska & Grushanska, 2022). Thus, the left and right lungs of dogs are divided into lobes (cranial, middle, caudal) by deep notches on the ventral side.…”