Cardiogenic Shock due to COVID-19-Related Myocarditis in a 19-Year-Old Autistic Patient

Pascariello, Greta; Cimino, Giuliana; Calvi, Emiliano; Bernardi, Nicola; Grigolato, Michele; Garyfallidis, Polyxeni; Fabbricatore, Davide; Pezzola, Elisa; Lombardi, C; Metra, Marco; Vizzardi, Enrico

doi:10.14740/jmc3517

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A retrospective study by Finn et al reported a mortality rate as high as 61% in patients with acute myocarditis [ 46 ]. Although more common in patients with a documented medical history, there were several cases of myocarditis in patients without significant medical history, especially in the younger population [ 40 , 42 , 45 , 47 ]. Patients without underlying medical problems were also associated with better outcomes [ 19 , 40 , 42 , 45 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Tolu-Akinnawo¹,

Poku²,

Elimihele³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Since the pandemic in 2019, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to be linked with a variety of organ systems and complications. While it is generally considered a respiratory disease, its link with the heart is widely discussed in the literature. This article focuses on the acute cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 and the possible predictors of these complications. Our study included 97 articles (58 case reports, eight case series, 23 retrospective cohort studies, five prospective cohort studies, and three cross-sectional studies). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain COVID-19-induced cardiovascular complications, with cytokine-induced inflammation and direct cardiac damage noted as the significant focus. Patients with underlying cardiovascular complications such as hypertension and diabetes were noted to be at increased risk of acute cardiovascular complications, as well as an increased risk of severe disease and death. Also, acute myocardial infarction and arrhythmias were two of the most common acute cardiovascular complications noted in our review. Other acute cardiovascular complications are myocarditis, takotsubo syndrome, acute thromboembolic events, and pericardial complications. This article provides an updated review of acute cardiovascular complications of COVID-19, its pathogenesis, and risk stratification and emphasizes the need for high suspicion in patients with underlying cardiovascular risk factors.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Tolu-Akinnawo¹,

Poku²,

Elimihele³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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show abstract

“…Some patients may also present with palpitations alongside their other symptoms [ 67 , 71 ]. After initial presentation, patients may deteriorate to develop signs of heart failure and hemodynamic compromise if treatment is not initiated or is inadequate [ 9 – 11 ]. In severe cases, patients may initially present with new-onset heart failure in the absence of a history of cardiovascular disease [ 71 ].…”

Section: Presentation Of Covid-19 Myocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease course of COVID-19 myocarditis can range from mild to severe. If not treated, the myocarditis may progress to life-threatening heart failure and arrythmias; therefore, it is imperative for clinicians to recognize possible cases of COVID-19 myocarditis and treat them accordingly [ 9 – 11 ]. Moreover, it may lead to an increase in ward admissions in a time where hospitals can already be overwhelmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and myocarditis: a review of literature

et al. 2022

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Myocarditis has been discovered to be a significant complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. COVID-19 myocarditis seems to have distinct inflammatory characteristics, which make it unique to other viral etiologies. The incidence of COVID-19 myocarditis is still not clear as a wide range of figures have been quoted in the literature; however, it seems that the risk of developing myocarditis increases with more severe infection. Furthermore, the administration of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine has been associated with the development of myocarditis, particularly after the second dose. COVID-19 myocarditis has a wide variety of presentations, ranging from dyspnea and chest pain to acute heart failure and possibly death. It is important to catch any cases of myocarditis, particularly those presenting with fulminant myocarditis which can be characterized by signs of heart failure and arrythmias. Initial work up for suspected myocarditis should include serial troponins and electrocardiograms. If myocardial damage is detected in these tests, further screening should be carried out. Cardiac magnetic resonance imagining and endomyocardial biopsy are the most useful tests for myocarditis. Treatment for COVID-19 myocarditis is still controversial; however, the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids in combination may be effective, particularly in cases of fulminant myocarditis. Overall, the incidence of COVID-19 myocarditis requires further research, while the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids in conjunction requires large randomized controlled trials to determine their efficacy.

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“…In view of the rapid increase in the number of patients suffering from this unpredictable disease, the aim of physicians working on first line should be to know in depth its pathophysiology, clinical evolution and short and long-term consequences. Today, pneumonia remains the major clinical manifestation of COVID-19 [2] but, however, the onset of the disease have highlighted severe features previously unthinkable in patients, even in young patients with no previous pathology [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombotic risk in patients with COVID-19

Pancaldi¹,

Pascariello²,

Cimino³

et al. 2021

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Emerging evidences prove that the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 is strictly linked to coagulopathy even if pneumonia appears as the major clinical manifestation. The exact incidence of thromboembolic events is largely unknown, so that a relative significant number of studies have been performed in order to explore thrombotic risk in COVID-19 patients. Cytokine storm, mediated by pro-in lammatory interleukins, tumor necrosis factor α and elevated acute phase reactants, is primarily responsible for COVID-19-associated hypercoagulopathy. Also comorbidities, promoting endothelial dysfunction, contribute to a higher thromboembolic risk. In this review we aim to investigate epidemiology and clarify the pathophysiological pathways underlying hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients, providing indications on the prevention of thromboembolic events in COVID-19. Furthermore we aim to reassume the pathophysiological paths involved in COVID-19 infection.

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Cardiogenic Shock due to COVID-19-Related Myocarditis in a 19-Year-Old Autistic Patient

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Acute Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Acute Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

COVID-19 and myocarditis: a review of literature

Thrombotic risk in patients with COVID-19

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