Cardiogoniometry: A new noninvasive method for detection of ischemic heart disease

Abstract

Summary: Cardiogoniometry is a new vectorcardiographic method. The vector-loops are constructed from three orthogonal ECG leads and registered on-line by a microprocessor. The angle between the maximal QRS and T vectors, as well as the spatial orientation of these vectors are very constant in healthy individuals. Deviations of these vectors and angles are sensitive indicators for changes in repolarization occurring, for instance, during coronary insufficiency. The changes in these variables were evaluated in 50 patients with suspected coronary artery disease and correlated with angiographic findings. Cardiogoniometry showed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 82%. which is comparable to exercise testing. In contrast to the latter cardiogoniometry can be performed at rest, is free of risk, and therefore also suitable for elderly patients.

Accuracy of cardiogoniometry compared with electrocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

“…Schupbach et al (14) studied 793 patients with CAD and reported a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 84% for CGM and a sensitivity of 53% and a specificity of 75% for ECG, which is similar to the findings of the current study. Saner et al have reported a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 82% for CGM in the detection of ischemic heart disease (15). …”

Value of Cardiogoniometry in Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Suspected Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

“…Study characteristics: This study was performed on 2461 patients (1330 CAD, 1131 non-CAD) with a mean age of 63.1 ± 2.8 years. Main coronary artery stenosis over 50% was considered as significant stenosis in the majority of studies, and stenosis over 70% 12,17) and 75% 20) was defined as significant stenosis in 3 others. Only Seeck, et al 15) reported no definition of coronary artery stenosis based on angiography.…”

“…Cardiogoniometry (CGM) has been proposed as a new diagnostic tool for CAD in recent years. 12) CGM is a simplified and modified form of vectorcardiography that creates a 3-dimensional (3D) image of the electrical activity of the heart within a few seconds using 4 to 5 surface electrodes. 13) CGM, as a stress-free test, is often performed in the supine position to provide a spatial visualization of the movement of electrical waves in depolarization and re-polarization.…”

“…The variations in the direction of maximum vectors refer dominantly to deviations from the routine stimulus conduction characteristics in the CGM. 12,13) It is accordingly claimed that myocardial ischemia can be diagnosed by sensitive indicators of the spatial orientation of these vectors and their angles relative to another. It seems that the first study evaluated the value of CGM in diagnosing CAD relates to 1983 by Saner, et al, who showed that CGM has a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 82% for CAD diagnosis.…”

“…It seems that the first study evaluated the value of CGM in diagnosing CAD relates to 1983 by Saner, et al, who showed that CGM has a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 82% for CAD diagnosis. 12) Following this study, more than 10 other studies have examined the value of CGM in CAD diagnosis in patients with stable angina and candidates for elective angiography, with their findings showing sensitivity of between 39% to 84% and specificity between 60% and 90%. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Due to the diversity of studies conducted in this area and the lack of a relevant review article, there is still not a good overview of the position of CGM in diagnosing CAD in patients with SIHD manifestations.…”