Cardiology

Lennox, Elaine Giannakos

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-07942-6.00007-2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Hypoxia was defined as a resting oxygen saturation less than 88% or a at least 5% desaturation immediately following exercise; resting tachypnea was defined as a respiratory rate less than 25/min. Sinus tachycardia was defined as less than 130 beats per minute (bpm) for children aged 6–8 years and greater than 110 bpm for those aged 9–16 years [ 23 ]. Stunting and wasting were defined as a z -score less than −2 for height-for-age and weight-for-age, respectively, using British 1990 growth references [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in older HIV-infected children taking antiretroviral therapy

Majonga

Rehman

Simms

et al. 2018

Aids

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Background:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased mortality so that increasing numbers of children with HIV are reaching adolescence. However, longstanding HIV infection and/or its treatment in children is associated with noninfectious complications including cardiac disease. We investigated the prevalence, spectrum and risk factors for echocardiographic abnormalities among children established on ART.Methods:HIV-infected children aged 6–16 years, on ART at least 6 months were enrolled into a cross-sectional study from a public-sector paediatric HIV clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe. A standardized examination including transthoracic echocardiography was performed. Local echocardiographic reference ranges were used to define cardiac abnormalities. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between cardiac abnormalities and risk factors.Results:Of the 201participants recruited, 92 (46%) were girls and median age was 11 (IQR 9–12) years; CD4+ cell count was 727 cells/μl (IQR 473–935) and 154 (78%) had viral load less than 400 copies/ml. Echocardiographic abnormalities were found in 83 (42%); left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction was the most common abnormality 45 (23%) and LV hypertrophy in 22 (11%). LV and left atrial dilatation were found in 9 (5%) and 16 (8%), respectively. Right ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction were found in 13 (7%) and 4 (2%), respectively, of whom 60% had concurrent left heart abnormalities. Current use of nevirapine was associated with LVH [aOR 3.14 (1.13–8.72; P = 0.03)] and hypertension was associated with LV diastolic dysfunction [aOR 3.12 (1.48–6.57; P < 0.01)].Conclusion:HIV-infected children established on ART have a high burden of echocardiographic abnormalities. Right heart disease was predominantly associated with left heart abnormalities and may be part of a global cardiomyopathic process. Further studies are needed to investigate the natural history, aetiology, and pathogenesis of these abnormalities, so that appropriate monitoring and treatment strategies can be developed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in older HIV-infected children taking antiretroviral therapy

Majonga

Rehman

Simms

et al. 2018

Aids

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“…Relevant history, clinical examination findings, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were recorded according to standard criteria [ Table 1 ]. [ 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ] Patients with raised serum alanine aminotransferase levels (twice the upper limit of normal) underwent hepatic ultrasonography.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Comorbidities in Pediatric Psoriasis—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in South-Asian Children

Joseph,

Sathishkumar,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Indian Dermatology Online Journal

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Background: There is only limited data on the association between psoriasis and metabolic comorbidities in South-Asian children. Objective: To examine metabolic comorbidities among South-Asian children with and without psoriasis. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted in children with and without psoriasis over 19 months. Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic comorbidity details (including disease extent and severity scores, obesity, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lipid abnormalities, and metabolic syndrome) were obtained in both groups according to standard criteria. Results: Fifty-eight children with psoriasis (25 males/33 females, age 11.3 ± 3.0 years, range 4 to 17 years) and 62 children without psoriasis (37 males/25 females, age 11.0 ± 3.6 years, range 4 to 18 years) were recruited. The prevalence of obesity (31.0% versus 14.5%, P = 0.031, odds ratio 2.65) and metabolic syndrome (18.6% versus 4.6%, P = 0.044, odds ratio 4.68) were higher in children with psoriasis than without. The prevalence of other metabolic comorbidities (systemic hypertension, pre-diabetes, lipid abnormalities, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) was not different between children with and without psoriasis and between obese and non-obese children with psoriasis. Among children with psoriasis, those with abdominal obesity had significantly lower disease severity and extent scores than those without. Conclusion: Psoriasis is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of obesity and close to significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in South-Asian children. Screening for metabolic comorbidities is essential even in non-obese children with psoriasis. Disease extent and severity are less in obese compared to non-obese South-Asian children with psoriasis.

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Cardiology

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

High prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in older HIV-infected children taking antiretroviral therapy

High prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in older HIV-infected children taking antiretroviral therapy

Metabolic Comorbidities in Pediatric Psoriasis—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in South-Asian Children

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