Cardiometabolic Risk Factors leading to Diabetes Mellitus among the Young (YOD) from the 8th Philippine National Nutrition Survey

Abstract

Objectives. This study looked into the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and risks for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases among young adults with diabetes (age 20-44 years old, YOD) and late-onset DM (≥45 years old, LOD) in Filipinos.Methodology. Weighted data from 546,580 adults with DM from the 8 th Philippine National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNHeS) were utilized. Differences in sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical profiles and metabolic risks were compared between YOD and LOD.Results. The aggregated prevalence of DM is 5.43% (95%CI, 5.10-5.79), YOD were 2.64% (95% CI, 2.32-3.00) and LOD 9.85% (95%CI, 9.18-10.56). Mean age of YOD was 37,6 years, LOD 59,9 years. The YOD were mostly males (56%), with higher BMI (26.24 kg/m 2 vs 25 kg/m 2 , p=0.002), lower mean SBP (122.41±19.17 mmHg vs 135.45±22.47 mmHg, p<0.001), more daily smokers (23% vs 14%), and alcoholic beverage drinkers (39% vs 31%). Physical activity was similar between groups (44% vs 51%, p=0.078). However, average total caloric intake (1776.78±758.38 kcal vs 1596.88±639.16 kcal, p=0.023) and carbohydrate intake (306.13±142.16 grams vs 270.53±104.74 g, p=0.014) were higher in YOD. Dietary carbohydrate proportions were higher than recommended (69% vs 68%) for both groups. Young Filipinos had higher risk to develop diabetes when they are obese II (22% vs 12%), current drinker (56% vs 37%), and current smoker (28% vs 18%). Eighty percent of YOD and LOD had metabolic syndrome (MetS). With every unit increase in age and fat intake, the odds of having MetS were raised by 5.4% (95%CI 1%-10%, p=0.029) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.04%-3%, p=0.044), respectively. Conclusion.Early-onset diabetes mellitus appears to be driven by obesity, MetS and social behaviors. Modifiable risk factors can be improved early to decrease hazards to develop cardiometabolic complications.

Type 2 Diabetes Among Filipino American Adults in the Multiethnic Cohort

“…Results from a longitudinal study supporting the healthy immigrant hypothesis found that Filipino migrants self-reported significantly better health, less depression, larger hip circumference, and lower waist-to-hip ratio than residents in the Philippines ( 18 ). Our results align with the hypothesis that increasing BMI and other lifestyle behaviors may be responsible for the rising type 2 diabetes rates and agrees with findings among women with Filipino ancestry ( 31 ), young adults in the Philippines ( 32 ), Japanese migrants to the US ( 33 ), and a review of worldwide migrant populations ( 34 ). Once Filipino immigrants acculturate to the US, they may start to consume a more American diet and eat fewer Filipino foods ( 13 ), in addition to adopting other disease risk factors of the host country, as is often described in migration studies ( 17 , 21 ).…”

Health system costs of providing outpatient care for diabetes in people with TB in the Philippines

“…Furthermore, results were categorised according to all age groups, with those aged over 45 years were identified as a high-risk population with DM. 27 …”