Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome, and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Children

Abstract

Children with chronic kidney disease have a high prevalence of MetS. These children as well as those with normal BMI but multiple CMRFs experience a faster decline in kidney function.

Disparities in Care for Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

“…The latter observation is reinforced by another study in this volume, an examination of cardiometabolic risk factors in children with CKD in the United States and Canada by Lalan et al 5 In contrast with the former study, which dealt with children whose kidney disease had progressed to the need for dialysis, the study by Lalan et al was part of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) study, an ongoing multicenter examination of the course of CKD that has not yet evolved to ESRD. In this cohort, 14% of these North American children were overweight and 16% were obese.…”

“…In children, food insecurity has profound effects on health and development, including (but not limited to) increased cognitive problems, higher levels of anxiety and aggression, and higher risk of hospitalization, anemia, and asthma. 5 Recently, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement encouraging providers caring for children to screen for food insecurity at every clinical visit. 6 The validated 2-question food insecurity screen developed by Hager et al is the recommended tool.…”

Phthalates Implications in the Cardiovascular System

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of several cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity [ 81 ], and some studies have already shown the association between these cardiometabolic risk factors and phthalate metabolites [ 22 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. In addition to the studies already described that reveal the link between phthalates with BP and atherosclerosis, other recent studies show the association between this endocrine disruptor and cardiometabolic risks, from an early age to elderly.…”

Obesity and chronic kidney disease: prevalence, mechanism, and management

“…Childhood obesity has been recognized as one of the most serious public health concerns worldwide (1) . Children with obesity often remain obese in adulthood and carry an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes, including kidney disease (2)(3)(4) . Obesity is a key feature of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a group of cardiovascular risk factors, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia (5) .…”