Cardiometabolic Risk in Canada: A Detailed Analysis and Position Paper by the Cardiometabolic Risk Working Group

Leiter, Lawrence A.; Fitchett, David; Gilbert, Richard E.; Gupta, Milan; Mancini, G.B. John; McFarlane, Philip A.; Ross, Robert; Teoh, Hwee; Verma, Subodh; Anand, Sonia S.; Camelon, Kathryn; Chow, Chi-Ming; Cox, Jafna L.; Després, Jean‐Pierre; Genest, Jacques; Harris, Stewart B.; Lau, David C.W.; Lewanczuk, Richard; Liu, Peter P.; Lonn, Eva; McPherson, Ruth; Poirier, Paul; Qaadri, Shafiq; Rabasa‐Lhoret, Rémi; Rabkin, Simon W.; Sharma, Arya M.; Steele, Andrew; Stone, James A.; Tardif, Jean‐Claude; Tobe, Sheldon W.; Ur, Ehud

doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.054

Cited by 140 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…3 Adipose tissue functions not only as an important buffer for fatty acids 90 but also as a highly active secretory organ, capable of influencing whole-body physiology through the production of an array of bioactive adipokines. 91 Normal functioning of adipose tissue is often (but not exclusively) impaired in obesity 91 and can be characterized by excessive hypertrophic adipocyte growth, elevated macrophage infiltration, hypoxia and dysregulated lipid storage.…”

Section: Changes To Adipose Tissue Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…93 This can subsequently lead to the development of systemic IR and a series of associated cardiometabolic disorders including dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension. 3 Expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including interleukins 1 (IL-1), 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and resistin, are also increased which can further potentiate IR and promote atherosclerosis. Conversely, secretion of adiponectin, a potent insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherosclerotic mediator, is typically depressed.…”

Section: Changes To Adipose Tissue Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, secretion of adiponectin, a potent insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherosclerotic mediator, is typically depressed. 3 Thus, cardiometabolic risk may not be due to the excess accumulation of adipose tissue per se but rather as a consequence of its dysfunction.…”

Section: Changes To Adipose Tissue Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The development of obesity is considered to be a key contributor to an individual's cardiometabolic risk, i.e. risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) 3 which account for nearly 35% of deaths in the UK. 4 A sustained modest weight-loss of 5 to 10% body-weight is associated with improvements in various indices of cardiometabolic health including but not limited to insulin sensitivity, vascular function, blood pressure and lipid levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 A sustained modest weight-loss of 5 to 10% body-weight is associated with improvements in various indices of cardiometabolic health including but not limited to insulin sensitivity, vascular function, blood pressure and lipid levels. 3 These beneficial effects of weight-loss can be partially explained by accompanying reductions in adipose tissue mass and dysfunction. 5 There is however, some evidence to suggest that energy restriction (ER) alone can confer metabolic changes which are independent to those of weightloss, by facilitating an acute negative energy balance [6][7][8][9] and/or by activating adaptive stress response pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

Antoni¹,

Johnston²,

Collins³

et al. 2014

ENDO

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Intermittent energy restriction (IER) has become the subject of considerable scientific interest as a potential dietary approach for weight-loss and improving cardiometabolic health. This approach involves intermittent periods of total or partial energy restriction (ER) alternated with non-restricted intake, and has been studied in rodent and human populations.This review aims to provide an overview of the IER literature to date, with a specific focus on its effects on cardiometabolic health indices in rodents and humans.Current evidence from studies in rodents and humans suggests that IER is capable of promoting weight-loss and/or favourably influencing an array of cardiometabolic health indices, with equal or greater efficacy than conventional continuous ER approaches. Putative mechanisms include the effects of IER on adipose tissue physiology, stress resistance and fat distribution within visceral and intra-hepatic sites. However, a large proportion of this mechanistic evidence is limited to indirect observations and/or has come from rodent studies requiring translation into humans. Furthermore, whilst there is some indication that total IER and the array of partial IER protocols which have been developed may elicit distinct biological effects, our knowledge around this is limited as only a small number of rodent studies have directly addressed this.Ultimately, whilst much remains to be learned about IER, including its mechanisms of action and long-term efficacy, the positive findings to date serve to highlight promising avenues for future research.

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Section: Changes To Adipose Tissue Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes To Adipose Tissue Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes To Adipose Tissue Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

Antoni¹,

Johnston²,

Collins³

et al. 2014

ENDO

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Heart rate variability and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of the literature

Stuckey

Tulppo²,

Kiviniemi³

et al. 2014

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes

Frankenfeld

2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Recent evidence supports that the gut microbial community, independently and/or interactively with dietary intake, is a target for reducing cardiovascular disease risk through its effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Dietary phytoestrogens may be a source for interactive effects. Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, lignans, and flavonoids, are compounds found in plants that have estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities, as well as antioxidant, antiproliferative, or apoptotic actions. Given these physiological activities, phytoestrogens may have a role in cardiometabolic health. Some phytoestrogens consumed in the diet undergo biotransformation through gut bacterial metabolism to other compounds that may exhibit similar or different physiological activity than the parent compound. There is interindividual variability in the capability to metabolize phytoestrogens to their metabolites, and there is a resulting phenotype that can be evaluated based on urinary metabolite excretion. Evidence suggests that phytoestrogen metabolites and/or phenotypes are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and serum lipids, triglycerides, glucose, and inflammatory markers. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the observed associations between gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolites and metabolite phenotypes with cardiometabolic risk factors, with focus on the more extensively studied isoflavone metabolites.

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Cardiometabolic Risk in Canada: A Detailed Analysis and Position Paper by the Cardiometabolic Risk Working Group

Cited by 140 publications

References 244 publications

The Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

The Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction on Indices of Cardiometabolic Health

Heart rate variability and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of the literature

Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes

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