Cardiometabolic risk in young adults from northern Mexico: Revisiting body mass index and waist-circumference as predictors

Abstract

BackgroundA body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and a waist circumference (WC) ≥80 cm in women (WCF) or ≥90 cm in men (WCM) are reference cardiometabolic risk markers (CMM) for Mexicans adults. However, their reliability to predict other CMM (index tests) in young Mexicans has not been studied in depth.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study evaluating several anthropometric, physiological and biochemical CMM from 295 young Mexicans was performed. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and Youden’s index (J) of reference BMI/WC cutoffs toward other CMM (n = 14) were obtained and their most reliable cutoffs were further calculated at Jmax.ResultsPrevalence, incidence and magnitude of most CMM increased along the BMI range (p < 0.01). BMI explained 81 % of WC’s variance [Se (97 %), Sp (71 %), J (68 %), Jmax (86 %), BMI = 30 kg/m2] and 4–50 % of other CMM. The five most prevalent (≥71 %) CMM in obese subjects were high WC, low HDL-C, and three insulin-related CMM [Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI]. For a BMI = 30 kg/m2, J ranged from 16 % (HDL-C/LDL-C) to 68 % (WC), being moderately reliable (Jmax = 61–67) to predict high uric acid (UA), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype (HTGW). Corrected WCM/WCF were moderate-highly reliable (Jmax = 66–90) to predict HTGW, MetS, fasting glucose and UA. Most CMM were moderate-highly predicted at 27 ± 3 kg/m2 (CI 95 %, 25–28), 85 ± 5 cm (CI 95 %, 82–88) and 81 ± 6cm (CI 95 %, 75–87), for BMI, WCM and WCF, respectively.ConclusionBMI and WC are good predictors of several CMM in the studied population, although at different cutoffs than current reference values.

sRANKL and its correlation with metabolic syndrome parameters in children

“…According to the literature, the Mexican population has a genetic predisposition to low levels of HDLc . Our results confirm this finding as all (100%) of the individuals in our study population had low HDLc values.…”

The Body Shape as Body Image Determinant in University Students

“…When those indexes are altered, they are associated with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, cancer, and osteoporosis, among others (14)(15)(16)(17). BMI is the best known parameter, followed by different indexes related to abdominal obesity such as the WC, the WHR, the conicity index (CI), and the A body shape index (ABSI = WC/ (BMI 2/3 x height 1/2 ).…”

Nutritional Status and Cardiometabolic Risk in Women: Relationship With Usual and Non-Usual Components of Body Composition

“…Nessa perspectiva, Lavie et al 16 relatam que a obesidade apresenta efeitos negativos sobre a PAS e PAD, mais especificamente sobre retorno venoso e calibragem das artérias. Além disso, é notável destacar que estudos recentes têm relatado diferenças significativas para as variáveis antropométricas e hemodinâmicas, fatores que aumentam exponencialmente o risco à saúde da população 24,25 . Para as dosagens bioquímicas, identificou-se nos grupos obesos a prevalência de alteração da glicemia em jejum (10,7%), TG (8,6%) e HDL-c (13,7%), ou seja, valores acima dos níveis de referência (NCEP-ATP III) 4 .…”

“…Para as dosagens bioquímicas, identificou-se nos grupos obesos a prevalência de alteração da glicemia em jejum (10,7%), TG (8,6%) e HDL-c (13,7%), ou seja, valores acima dos níveis de referência (NCEP-ATP III) 4 . Nesse aspecto, os dados apresentados reforçam a elevação desses marcadores serem maiores em obesos 24,25 . Tais respostas sugerem que o aumento da gordura corporal, especialmente em nível abdominal, tende a provocar alterações das variáveis lipídicas séricas e hipertrigliceridemia, as quais aumentam a PA e diminuem as concentrações de HDL-c 26 .…”

“…Entretanto, com a chegada do climatério, as mulheres tendem a apresentar elevação das concentrações de gordura abdominal, as quais podem provocar a SM 29,30 . Consequentemente, se torna extremamente relevante o monitoramento periódico desses fatores de risco, bem como a implementação de programas multiprofissionais para o combate ao excesso de massa corporal e redução das alterações de parâmetros de risco cardiometabólicos 24 . Finalmente, na literatura é identificado que o percentual de gordura (baixo, normal e elevado), pode identifcar alterações nos valores que compõem a SM e o risco cardiovascular mesmo em pessoas com IMC adequado 20,21 .…”