Cardioprotective Activity of Cassia fistula L. Bark Extract in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction Rat Model

Abstract

Cassia fistula Linn, generally recognized as Indian laburnum, is one of the ancient trees in the Indian subcontinent used for its ornamental and diverse medicinal properties. It is known for its ethnic medicinal uses in inflammatory and infectious pathologies such as antihelmintic, purgative, carminative, antipyretic, expectorant, analgesic, laxative, antiseptic, and antidote against snake poison. The Cassia bark is rich in anthraquinones, flavanols glycosides, and sitosterols, which renders it cardioprotective properties. The existing experiments were designed to assess the potential of Cassia fistula bark against isoproterenol (ISP)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, which has not been validated yet. The bark was successively extracted with five different solvents, and each extract was subjected to in vitro antioxidant studies. Further acute oral toxicity assays were carried out preceding in vivo myocardial studies. Cardiotoxicity-inducing agent, ISP, was administrated to the rats for two consecutive days (8th and 9th). Based on in vitro studies, the Cassia fistula methanolic extract (CFME) was administered in two doses: CFME-LD (lower dose 250 mg/kg) and CFME-HD (high dose 500 mg/kg) separately. It was found that CFME produced a substantial decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidants in myocardial tissues. CFME abrogated the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol with a decrease in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in serum at both doses. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and histopathology also revealed the protective effects of CFME against ISP-induced myocardial infarction. The study showed the significant role of the CFME as a strong antioxidant and cardioprotective action in ISP-induced toxicity.

Enhancement of cardiac angiogenesis in a myocardial infarction rat model using selenium alone and in combination with PTXF: the role of Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway

“…The changes observed in cardiac injury biomarkers were further supported by histopathological examination. In agreement with previous studies, ISP resulted in a disrupted myocardial structure, congested blood vessels, obvious inflammatory cellular infiltration, and increased perivascular and interstitial collagen deposition (Çetin 2019 ; Kushwah et al 2022 ). On the other hand, treatment with Se and PTXF improved myocardial architecture and reduced inflammatory cellular infiltration, congestion and fibrosis.…”

The Cardioprotective Effect of Corosolic Acid in the Diabetic Rats: A Possible Mechanism of the PPAR-γ Pathway

“…After the study was completed, histopathological examinations were conducted. The histopathological analysis was based on the following classifications (damage and changes in the myocardium): (a) if no change or appeared to be normal, it was counted as grade 0; (b) having mild or focal myocyte damage or small multifocal degeneration with a mild inflammatory process was counted as grade 1; (c) moderate myocyte damage or myofibrillar degeneration with diffuse inflammatory process was counted as grade 2; (d) severe myocyte damage or necrosis with a diffuse inflammatory process was counted as grade 3 [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Retracted: Cardioprotective Activity of Cassia fistula L. Bark Extract in Isoproterenol‐Induced Myocardial Infarction Rat Model

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi, as publisher, following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication and peer-review process.…”