Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in horses

Santos, Martín; López‐Sanromán, Javier; García-Iturralde, Palma; Fuente, M.L. Marenco de la; Tendillo, F. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00205.x

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The decrease in body temperature of the horses was usually dependent on skin thickness and ambient temperature 25]. The information in the literature [21,25] explained the changes in body temperature observed in our study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…It was reported that desflurane causes vasodilation in subcutaneous tissues, changes in heart rate and respiration, and decreased body temperature [17,21]. The decrease in body temperature of the horses was usually dependent on skin thickness and ambient temperature 25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desflurane anesthesia decreases pulmonary tidal volume at all MAC values. Desflurane (1 and 1.75 MAC) decreases respiratory rate but does not affect heart rate or mean arterial pressure [21,26,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses

Erol

Arican

2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Equine anesthesia morbidity and mortality rates are greater than in other domestic animals because of hypotension and hypoventilation. The important features desired in general anesthesia for horses are a rapid effect, rapid emergence and balanced anesthesia. The long duration of action of currently used anesthetic agents cause various complications in horses. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical effects of combination of the anesthetics desflurane, detomidine and medetomidine in horses.Materials, Methods & Results: Eight healthy mixed-breed horses (four males and four females) with weighing 275 ± 56 kg [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and aged 6.8 ± 5 years [(mean ± SD)] were used for this study. The horses were placed into one of four groups: group I (detomidine-desflurane), group II (detomidine-desflurane-atipamezole), group III (medetomidinedesflurane), or group IV (medetomidine-desflurane-atipamezole). Horses were rested for 15 days before each group starts to study. Intravenous detomidine (25 µg/kg) was used for premedication in groups I and II, and intravenous medetomidine (7 µg/ kg) was used for premedication in groups III and IV. Ketamine hydrocholoride (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.03 mg/kg) were intravenously administered in the same syringe to induce anesthesia. After induction of anesthesia, horses were placed in the left lateral recumbent position, and the trachea was intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 28 mm. The endotracheal tube was attached to a large animal circle breathing system anesthesia machine, and anesthesia was maintained with desflurane for 90 min. The initial dosage of desflurane was 14% + 4 L O2/min, and was reduced by 2% every 10 min over the first 30 min of anesthesia. After 30 min, the desflurane dose was changed to 8% + 4 L, which was maintained until the end of anesthesia (90 min). After 90 min, the administration of desflurane was discontinued, and all animals were supported by O2, with groups II and IV receiving 0.06 mg/kg atipamezole in addition to oxygen. Anaesthetic action times, hematological parameters, blood gas levels, electrolyte levels, biochemical values, electrocardiography values and end-tidal carbon dioxide volume were measured before, during, at the end of, and 24 h after anesthesia.Discussion: In this study, medetomidine (7 µg/kg) and detomidine (25 µg/kg) were intravenously administered, which was adequate and suitable for sedating horses. At the end of anesthesia, 0.06 mg/kg atipamezole was intravenously administered in groups II and IV. However, atipamezole did not affect the clinical parameters. Stress, excitement, fear, catecholamine exchange in blood circulation, hyperglycemia, and hypoxia can all cause changes in venous blood parameters. These are potential reasons for the changes in venous blood parameters (i.e., WBC and Hb) observed at the beginning of and during anesthesia in the present study. During and after the anesthetic period, serum biochemical values can be different from baseline values. They are dependent on the effects of anesthetic agents. During anesthesia, the decrease and increase of biochemical values stabilize the changes in the enzyme system that develops because of the effects of anesthetic agents. In the present study, it was considered that the changes in the biochemical values aimed to stabilize the changes induced by anesthesia. Regarding the electrolyte parameters evaluated in the study, there was a statistical difference detected in Na values between 90 min after induction of anesthesia and 24 h after induction of anesthesia in group IV. However, in previous studies, the changes in Na values did not influence the cardiac pressure during general anesthesia. In our study, significant changes were not seen in any electrolyte parameters except Na, and atrioventricular block was not detected in ECG traces. Generally, decreased ETCO2 levels are evidence of lung perfusion deficiency. It depends on the effects of anesthetic agents on the cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. In particular, the higher pressure and dose of desflurane supress respiratory system. Oxygen supplementation in general anesthesia increases respiratory rate, but a-2 agonists and ketamine-midazolam effects can eliminate the increasing respiratory rate in general anesthesia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses

Erol

Arican

2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Like isoflurane, both sevoflurane and desflurane cause dose‐related respiratory depression and a reduction in respiratory rate and have a low apnoeic index . Sevoflurane produces a similar dose‐related reduction in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance to isoflurane , although it may produce slightly less profound effects on vasomotor tone . Desflurane appears to have reduced dose‐related cardiovascular depression effects compared with halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane.…”

Section: Part 1: Inhaled Anaesthetic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As such, both sevoflurane and desflurane possess many of the physical properties of isoflurane, but there are some important differences. Like isoflurane, both sevoflurane and desflurane cause dose‐related respiratory depression and a reduction in respiratory rate and have a low apnoeic index . Sevoflurane produces a similar dose‐related reduction in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance to isoflurane , although it may produce slightly less profound effects on vasomotor tone .…”

Section: Part 1: Inhaled Anaesthetic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of equine anaesthesia over the last 50 years: Controlled inhalation of volatile anaesthetics and pulmonary ventilation

Mosing

Senior

2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryIn the first edition of this journal, Barbara Weaver wrote a review titled 'Equine Anaesthesia', stating that, at that time, it was quickly becoming accepted practice that many horses were being anaesthetised 'by essentially similar procedures, i.e. premedication, induction and then maintenance by controlled inhalation'. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first edition of this journal, this review covers the development of understanding and practice of inhalational anaesthesia and controlled ventilation in horses over the last 50 years. We review how the perceived benefits of halothane led to its widespread use, but subsequently better understanding of halothane's effects led to changes in equine anaesthetic practice and the utilisation of different inhalation agents (e.g. isoflurane and sevoflurane). We discuss how more recently, better understanding of the effects of the 'newer' inhalation agents' effects has led to yet more changes in equine anaesthetic practice, and while, further new inhalation agents are unlikely to appear in the near future, further enhancements to anaesthetic practice may still lead to improved outcomes. We review advances in our understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the equine lung as well of the effects of anaesthesia on lung function and how these predispose to some of the common problems of gas exchange and ventilation during anaesthesia. We identify the aims of optimal mechanical ventilation for anaesthetic management and whether the various methods of ventilatory support during equine anaesthesia achieve them. We also highlight that further developments in equipment and optimal ventilator modes are likely in the near future.

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Anaesthesia of the horse

2014

Veterinary Anaesthesia

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Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in horses

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses

A Comparasion of Laboratory and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Desflurane, Detomidine and Medetomidine Anaesthetic Combinations in Horses

Maintenance of equine anaesthesia over the last 50 years: Controlled inhalation of volatile anaesthetics and pulmonary ventilation

Anaesthesia of the horse

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