Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Relevant but Underused

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a relatively old technology, but has sustained relevance for many primary care clinical scenarios in which it is, ironically, rarely considered. Advancing computer technology has made CPX easier to administer and interpret at a time when our aging population is more prone to comorbidities and higher prevalence of nonspecific symptoms of exercise intolerance and dyspnea, for which CPX is particularly useful diagnostically and prognostically. These discrepancies in application are compounded by patterns in which CPX is often administered and interpreted by cardiology, pulmonary, or exercise specialists who limit their assessments to the priorities of their own discipline, thereby missing opportunities to distinguish symptom origins. When used properly, CPX enables the physician to assess fitness and uncover cardiopulmonary issues at earlier phases of work-up, which would therefore be especially useful for primary care physicians. In this article, we provide an overview of CPX principles and testing logistics, as well as some of the clinical contexts in which it can enhance patient care.

Comparative analysis of functional state and working capacity on veloergometer of average training level women of age 25–35

“…So, when comparing the relative tidal volume and the respiratory rate on AT level of asthenics (1), normosthenics (2), and hyperssthenic (3), it was revealed that the relative respiratory minute volume of different somatotype had been achieved in different ways: 1) 24.7 mL (relative tidal volume) × 22.1 (tidal volume) = 545 mL/min (relative respiratory minute volume); 2) 24.3 mL × 20.7 = 503 mL/min; 3) 15.0 mL × 26.1 = 392 mL/min. Asthenics and normosthenics reach the level of AT due to the parallel increase of the respiratory rate and relative tidal volume with the priority of the last one.…”

“…Therefore, putting together indices of respiratory minute volume and relative respiratory minute volume N and relative N on AT level between participating in the experiment normosthenics (1) and hypersthenics (2) and normosthenics (1) and asthenics (3), we obtain the following percentage difference: 1-2 -13.9 % and 38.3 %; 10.5 % and 20.8 %; 1-3 and 3.4 % and 1.6 %; 3.5 % and 7.6 %.…”

“…In physical science much attention is given to research of functional state of a person during training process (Wilmore, Costill, 1997;Иорданская, 1999;Forman, 2010;Sherwood, 2011;Солодков, 2014). In spite of considerable amount of researches in this area, some sides are still poorly studied, especially research of functional state (indices that identify functional state: heart rate, tidal volume, respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume on AeT and AT energy supply level) in the ratio of physical loads capacity relativity to health-giving sphere of physical exercises application.…”

A new outlook on the evaluation of health state and physical capacity of skiers with disabilities as exemplified by a female Paralympic Champion

“…Testy wysiłkowe z lekarskiego punktu widzenia pozwalają wykluczyć przeciwwskazania kardiologiczne do wysiłków [38], natomiast ze sportowego punktu mają dać odpowiedź odnośnie aktualnego poziomu zdolności wysiłkowych zawodników [39]. Tym samym takie badania znalazły się w kręgu zainteresowania szkoleniowców, także w sporcie paraolimpijskim.…”

“…From the medical point of view, physical capacity tests help to exclude cardiological contraindications to physical effort [38], while from the sports point of view, they may provide answers regarding a current level of physical capacity of athletes [39]. Thus, such examinations captured coaches' attention, also in Paralympic sport.…”