Cardiopulmonary Functions in Dogs under Propofol, Ketamine and Isoflurane Anaesthesia Premedicated with Glycopyrrolate, Dexmedetomidine and Butorphanol

Abstract

Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the cardiopulmonary functions in dog under propofol, ketamine and isoflurane anaesthesia premedicated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol.Methods: Four groups of dogs (A,B,C and D) comprising of six animals in each groups were premedicated with glycopyrrolate @ 0.01 mg/kg, dexmedetomidine @5ìg/kg IV and Butorphanol @ 0.1mg/kg IV. Induction was done with propofol (A and B) and with ketamine (C and D). The anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (A and C), propofol (B) and ketamine (D). The cardiopulmonary functions were recorded at 0 minute (before premedication) and 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes. Result: The heart rate decreased significantly in Group B while there was a significant gradual increase in heart rate in Group D. A significant decrease in respiratory rate was observed in all the groups with a lowest value in group D. The systolic pressure decreased significantly in Group A, B and C but in Group D, the systolic pressure decreased initially at 20 minute. The diastolic pressure decreased significantly in Group A and Group B and but in group D, the diastolic pressure decreased at 20 minute. A significant decrease in mean arterial pressure was recorded in Group A, B and C. In Group D, a decrease in the mean arterial pressure was noticed at 20 minute. The SpO2 level remained near the base line values with slight variation in Group A and C where as the values remained at lower level from the base line value in Group B and D. The EtCO2 level showed non-significant changes in Group A and C. In Group B and D, the EtCO2 levels increased non-significantly with the highest value recorded in Group D. The ECG parameters remained within the normal limit with slight variation according to the heart rate.

Haemodynamic and Haemato-Biochemical Changes with Ketamine, Propofol and Ketofol as Constant Rate Infusion Anesthesia for Elective Ovariectomy in Dogs

“…A non-significant transient increase in SGOT values during sedation and anesthesia in the present study could be due to rapid distribution and clearance of propofol by hepatic and extra-hepatic sites (Branson and Gross, 1994). The slight alteration in hepatic values indicates minimum or no effect of propofol on the liver and other body tissues (Bayan et al, 2002). Akbar et al (2014) reported the decrease in enzyme concentration 20 minutes post administration of medetomidine and also reported that the SGOT enzyme response was anesthetic dose dependent.…”

“…The high rise of glucose value during the observation period in comparison of the respective baseline values also due to decreased membrane transport of glucose decreased utilization of glucose, impaired insulin activity and increased adrenocortical hormone concentrations in the blood plasma in dogs (Burton et al, 1997). However, Bayan et al (2002) in cats observed a significant increase in serum glucose levels during propofol anesthesia. Based on present observations, it could be stated that propofol aggravates hyperglycemic effect of an alpha-2 agonist.…”

“…Anesthetic drug combination used in dogs of different groups.Haemodynamic and Haemato-Biochemical Changes with Ketamine, Propofol and Ketofol as Constant Rate Infusion Anesthesia for... were reported byBayan et al (2002) in dogs. In contrast,Akbar et al (2014) reported increasing alteration in TLC upon administration of medetomidine in dogs.…”