Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Effects in Men on the South Polar Plateau

Effect of relocating to areas of reduced atmospheric particulate matter levels on the human circulating leukocyte count

“…None of the indicators of pulmonary function changed during the study except for MVV. This observation contrasts with a previous study on the south polar plateau that showed increases in pulmonary function (10). The south polar plateau is 2,800 m above sea level, whereas Showa Station is 28 m above sea level.…”

“…Recent animal studies suggest that exposure to PM induces progression of atherosclerosis and increased vulnerability to plaque rupture that might cause the increased mortality (36). Some years ago, Muchmore and others (10,21) showed that human circulating total leukocytes decreased in Antarctica and increased toward normal levels after individuals returned to the United States. A mechanism was suggested but was not addressed by the data provided.…”

Long-term effects of environment on health and performance of Antarctic winter-over personnel

“…- to this environment which include: hypoxia, hypocapnia, and mild alkalosis associated with high altitude (Guenter et al, 1970); dry skin associated with low humidity which sometimes leads to fissures, bleeding, and loss of function (Bodey, 1978); immunosuppression associated with residence in a germ-free environment and the resultant increase in infectious and respiratory diseases upon return to the outside world (Allen, 1973;Holmes et al, 1976;Muchmore et al, 1970;Muchmore et al, 1974); insomnia (Shurley, 1970); increases in carboxyhemoglobin associated with poor ventillation (Guenter et al, 1970); decreased blood pressure (Budd and Warhaft, 1966;Hicks, 1967); increased risk of myocardial infarction (Sotaniemi et al, 1970); and increased psychological disturbances (Gunderson, 1963;Gunderson, 1968;Mullin, 1960;Palmai, 1963).…”

“…The lack of a relationship between environmental severity and disease incidence or perfor- short-term and personnel usually return to normal after six months (Guenter et al, 1970;Muchmore et al, 1970;Muchmore et al, 1974;Oliver 1979 The object of this study was to determine if the risk to health and well-being of personnel who winter-over in Antarctica is related to the station to which .they are assigned.…”

Antarctica as a model for the human exploration of Mars

“…Dyspnea, anorexia, insomnia, and headaches are frequent symptoms at all Antarctic research stations. Arterial hypoxia, hyperventilation, and erythrocytosis are common in the high altitude environment of South Pole Station (Guenter, Joern, Shurley, and Pierce, 1970).…”