Cardiorespiratory effects of diazepam-ketamine, xylazine-ketamine and thiopentone anesthesia in male Wistar rats-A comparative analysis

Miriyala, Sumitra; Panchatcharam, Manikandan; Rao, K. V.; Nayeem, Mohammed; Manohar, B. Murali; Puvanakrishnan, Rengarajulu

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.009

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…37 In the current study, the systemic arterial pO 2 , under room-air breathing conditions, was found to be 53 mmHg, which is lower than measurements obtained in previous studies. 38,39 The apparent hypoxic condition of the rats in our study may be attributed to the respiratory depressant effect of the anesthetics, because the rats breathed spontaneously and were not intubated or ventilated. Despite the lower than normal arterial pO 2 , changes in systemic arterial pO 2 were induced, in accordance with varying fractions of inspired oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

Shahidi¹,

Shakoor²,

Blair³

et al. 2006

Current Eye Research

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Purpose-To report an optical imaging system that was developed to measure oxygen tension (pO 2 ) in the chorioretinal vasculatures. The feasibility of the system for the measurement of changes in pO 2 separately in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures was established in rat eyes by varying the fraction of inspired oxygen and inhibiting nitric oxide activity.Methods-Our optical section phosphorescence imaging system was modified to provide quantitative measurements of pO 2 separately in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures. A narrow laser line was projected at an angle on the retina after intravenous injection of an oxygen-sensitive probe (Pd-porphyrin), and phosphorescence emission was imaged. A frequency-domain approach allowed measurements of the phosphorescence lifetime by varying the phase relationship between the modulated excitation laser light and sensitivity of the imaging camera. Chorioretinal pO 2 was measured while varying the fraction of inspired oxygen and during intravenous infusion of N ω -nitro-L-arginine (N ω -NLA), a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.Results-The systemic arterial pO 2 varied according to the fraction of inspired oxygen. The pO 2 in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures increased as the fraction of inspired oxygen was increased. Compared with base-line, choroidal pO 2 decreased during infusion of N ω -NLA, whereas the pO 2 in the retinal vasculatures remained relatively unchanged. The choroidal pO 2 decreased markedly with each incremental increase in N ω -NLA infusion rate, in the range 1-6 mg/min, and there was no additional change in the choroidal pO 2 at N ω -NLA infusion rates above 6 mg/min.Conclusions-An optical method combining pO 2 phosphorescence imaging with chorioretinal optical sectioning was established that can potentially be applied for better understanding of retinal and choroidal oxygen dynamics in physiologic and pathologic states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

Shahidi¹,

Shakoor²,

Blair³

et al. 2006

Current Eye Research

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“…Many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this anesthetic combination in rodents (Sumitra et al, 2004;Rodrigues et al, 2006). However, it is known that the anesthetics may promote significant hemodynamic changes, which can confuse cardiovascular analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of xylazine-ketamine mixture persist even after the anesthetic stage in rats

Picollo

Serra

Levy

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The xylazine-ketamine mixture (KX) is an anesthetic approach commonly administered to assess cardiovascular function in rodents. This study aimed to examine if the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory effects of KX could persist after the anesthetic state ceased in rats. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with K (50mg/kg) X (10mg/kg) through the intra-peritoneal route. Hemodynamic and thermoregulatory repercussions were evaluated in animals in awake state, during an anesthetic depth and after complete recovery of anesthetized state. KX was efficient to significantly induce deep anesthesia in all rats after 10min. A complete recovery of anesthetized state was observed only after 210min. Compared with preanesthetic state and control animals that received no drug, KX induced a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 10min. Hypotension was more prominent at 150min. The heart rate was also significantly reduced after 10 min of KX and the highest magnitude of bradycardia was observed at 30min. In addition, rectal temperature was markedly decreased at 30min of KX and the higher reduction occurred at 150min. The hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of KX were maintained even after complete anesthetic recovery. Keywords: anesthesia, hypotension, xylazine-ketamine, hemodynamics, thermoregulation RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a persistência dos efeitos cardiovasculares e termorregulatórios da associação cetamina e xilasina (CX) mesmo após o período anestésico em ratos. Ratos

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“…Cardiac geometry and function of anesthetized offspring (ketamine 50 mg/kg and diazepam 2.5 mg/kg) were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography (Sonos 7500; Philips Healthcare, Eindhoven, Netherlands) with a 15 MHz-transducer. The dosage regimen was previously demonstrated to have minimal cardiorespiratory effects when compared with other suitable anesthetics (16). For calculation of intraobserver variability, examinations were repeated by the same examiner and for interobserver variability, examinations were performed independently by two investigators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal nicotine exposure induces gender-associated left ventricular-arterial uncoupling in adult offspring

Wang

Ouyang

Huang

et al. 2012

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Alterations in vascular or myocardial structure and function have been demonstrated in offspring subjected to prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE), however, limited data are available on how these changes interact. The present study assessed the hypothesis that prenatal nicotine exposure induced gender-specific alterations of left ventricular-arterial coupling indices in adult offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either nicotine (8 mg/kg/day) or saline via subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps throughout gestation. Male and female offspring, aged 12 months, underwent non-invasive echocardiography and invasive left ventricular cannulation. Left ventricular-arterial coupling was analysed as the ratio of effective arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees). The left ventricular myocardium and aorta were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the myocardial cell cross-sectional area was calculated. Simultaneously, the ratio of medium thickness to internal diameter in the aorta and mesenteric artery was determined. The fibrosis component of left ventricle myocardium was analyzed by Sirius-red staining and further confirmed by hydroxyproline determination. The elastic properties of the aortic wall were analyzed by van Gieson staining. PNE caused significant increases in pulse pressure (56.36±7.41 vs. 50.16±4.94 mmHg; P<0.05) and left ventricular meridional wall stress (78.25±9.12 vs. 69.64±7.58 kdyne/cm 2 ; P<0.05) in male offspring compared with the control. Conversely, no similar effect was observed in female offspring. An elevated augmentation index was noted in male and female pups. Additionally, Ea/Ees was reduced in PNE males compared with control males, due to a disproportionate increase in Ees vs. Ea whereas in females, Ea/Ees did not differ significantly due to tandem increase in Ea and Ees. In addition, collagen cross-linking was markedly higher in male offspring, whereas it was unaltered in females compared with their respective controls. Fragmentation of the elastic network in the aorta and the increased ratio of medial thickness to internal diameter in the mesenteric artery were more evident in male offspring when compared with female offspring. PNE caused combined ventricular-arterial stiffening in male and female offspring, with lower Ea/Ees in males, while Ea/Ees was preserved in females. Enhanced collagen cross-linking in the myocardium, underdeveloped elastic fibers in the aorta and remodeled resistance vessels were associated with pathological ventricular arterial mismatching. The results of the present study indicated that male offspring were more susceptible to the development of ventricular and arterial dysfunction in response to PNE compared with female offspring.

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Cardiorespiratory effects of diazepam-ketamine, xylazine-ketamine and thiopentone anesthesia in male Wistar rats-A comparative analysis

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

A Method for Chorioretinal Oxygen Tension Measurement

Hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of xylazine-ketamine mixture persist even after the anesthetic stage in rats

Prenatal nicotine exposure induces gender-associated left ventricular-arterial uncoupling in adult offspring

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