Cardiorespiratory effects of nicotine exposure during development

Hafström, Ola; Milerad, Josef; Sandberg, Kenneth; Sundell, Håkan

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2005.05.004

Cited by 87 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Findings from earlier studies of maternal smoking during pregnancy, as well as animal studies with prenatal nicotine exposure, support this hypothesis. [23][24][25] Preterm infants and infants prenatally exposed to nicotine reveal similar disturbances in the neural control of the cardiorespiratory system, with a heightened vascular, cardiac, and blood pressure reactivity. 26 This finding represents an effect of immaturity in the premature infant and a developmental programming effect of a neurotoxic substance, nicotine, in the nicotine-exposed infant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Maternal Snuff Use and Cigarette Smoking With Neonatal Apnea

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Maternal smoking is associated with harmful effects on the newborn: preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and sudden infant death syndrome. Much less is known about the effects of smokeless tobacco, and nicotine-replacement therapy is recommended as a means of smoking cessation during pregnancy. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Maternal snuff use (including predominantly nicotine) is associated with higher risk of neonatal apnea than smoking (containing nicotine and combustion products). Snuff use should not be regarded as safe during pregnancy. abstract BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking is associated with disturbed cardiorespiratory control in the infant. Despite lacking knowledge of whether the harmful effects of smoking are caused by combustion products in tobacco smoke or by nicotine, it has been argued that nicotinereplacement therapy during pregnancy is safer than smoking. OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to investigate if the disturbances in cardiorespiratory control associated with maternal smoking are also seen in infants prenatally exposed to snuff. We hypothesized that prenatal nicotine exposure (via moist snuff) causes disturbances in autonomic control and thereby increases the risk of apnea in the newborn. METHODS:In a nationwide Swedish cohort study, we studied associations between maternal tobacco use during pregnancy and neonatal apnea. Of 609 551 live-born singleton infants, 7599 were born to snuffusing mothers, 41 391 and 16 928 were born to light (1-9 cigarettes per day) and heavy (Ն10 cigarettes per day) smokers, respectively. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, using 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS:Compared with infants of nontobacco users, infants with prenatal exposure to snuff were at an increased risk of apnea even after adjustment for differences in gestational age (odds ratio: 1.96 [95% confidence interval: [1.30 -2.96]) Smoking was associated with increased risk of apnea before, but not after, adjusting for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS:Snuff use during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of neonatal apnea than smoking. Maternal use of snuff or nicotine-replacement therapy cannot be regarded as an alternative to smoking during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Maternal Snuff Use and Cigarette Smoking With Neonatal Apnea

et al. 2011

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“…Certain pharmacological agents alter the development of respiratory control, including those sometimes experienced by human fetuses through maternal use or via therapeutic administration in newborns. For example, nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors throughout the nervous system and alters the neurochemistry of structures implicated in the control of breathing (41). The cardiorespiratory effects of prenatal nicotine exposure vary considerably among studies, depending on the species and method of exposure (e.g., cigarette smoke vs. nicotine), among other factors (reviewed in Ref.…”

Section: Developmental Plasticity In Respiratory Control: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cardiorespiratory effects of prenatal nicotine exposure vary considerably among studies, depending on the species and method of exposure (e.g., cigarette smoke vs. nicotine), among other factors (reviewed in Ref. 41). Based on studies on human newborns and various animal models, a few generalizations are possible.…”

Section: Developmental Plasticity In Respiratory Control: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During normoxic breathing, the respiratory pattern may be altered following prenatal nicotine (e.g., rapid, shallow, and variable breathing, more frequent apneas) with little change in overall ventilation. Some of these effects may represent neuromodulation within the CNS, including enhanced synaptic inhibition in the brain stem preBotzinger complex (41,61,62). The HVR may also be blunted in the very early postnatal period, but this result varies considerably among studies and does not appear to persist beyond the neonatal period (41).…”

Section: Developmental Plasticity In Respiratory Control: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these effects may represent neuromodulation within the CNS, including enhanced synaptic inhibition in the brain stem preBotzinger complex (41,61,62). The HVR may also be blunted in the very early postnatal period, but this result varies considerably among studies and does not appear to persist beyond the neonatal period (41). Although there is a paucity of data on the effects of chronic nicotine exposure in adults, there is some indication that the effects of nicotine are opposite those observed in neonates.…”

Section: Developmental Plasticity In Respiratory Control: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term effects of the perinatal environment on respiratory control

Bavis¹,

Mitchell²

2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The respiratory control system exhibits considerable plasticity, similar to other regions of the nervous system. Plasticity is a persistent change in system behavior triggered by experiences such as changes in neural activity, hypoxia, and/or disease/injury. Although plasticity is observed in animals of all ages, some forms of plasticity appear to be unique to development (i.e., “developmental plasticity”). Developmental plasticity is an alteration in respiratory control induced by experiences during “critical” developmental periods; similar experiences outside the critical period will have little or no lasting effect. Thus complementary experiments on both mature and developing animals are generally needed to verify that the observed plasticity is unique to development. Frequently studied models of developmental plasticity in respiratory control include developmental manipulations of respiratory gas concentrations (O2 and CO2). Environmental factors not specifically associated with breathing may also trigger developmental plasticity, however, including psychological stress or chemicals associated with maternal habits (e.g., nicotine, cocaine). Despite rapid advances in describing models of developmental plasticity in breathing, our understanding of fundamental mechanisms giving rise to such plasticity is poor; mechanistic studies of developmental plasticity are of considerable importance. Developmental plasticity may enable organisms to “fine tune” their phenotype to optimize the performance of this critical homeostatic regulatory system. On the other hand, developmental plasticity could also increase the risk of disease later in life. Future directions for studies concerning the mechanisms and functional implications of developmental plasticity in respiratory motor control are discussed.

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Smoking and Reproduction

Prelog

2011

Cigarette Smoke Toxicity

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Cardiorespiratory effects of nicotine exposure during development

Cited by 87 publications

References 85 publications

Relationship of Maternal Snuff Use and Cigarette Smoking With Neonatal Apnea

Relationship of Maternal Snuff Use and Cigarette Smoking With Neonatal Apnea

Long-term effects of the perinatal environment on respiratory control

Smoking and Reproduction

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