Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: an Update

Al‐Mallah, Mouaz H.; Sakr, Sherif; Alqunaibet, Ada

doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0711-4

Cited by 175 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The CRF, as measured during incremental exercise to exhaustion, is a strong and independent marker for CVD and all-cause mortality [40,41]. However, with an insufficient energy supply, the LC-induced changes in energy metabolism have been reported to subsequently impair CRF [17,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to examine the effects of four weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and incorporated exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Fifty-eight overweight/obese Chinese females (age: 21.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 2.8 kg/m 2 ) were randomly assigned to the control group (CON, n = 15), the LC control group (LC-CON, n = 15), the LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 15), or the LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 13). Subjects consumed a four week LC, whereas LC-HIIT and LC-MICT received extra training 5 d/week (LC-HIIT: 10 × 6 s cycling interspersed with 9 s rest, MICT: 30 min continuous cycling at 50-60% VO 2peak ). After intervention, the three LC groups demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (−2.85 kg in LC-CON, −2.85 kg in LC-HIIT, −2.56 kg in LC-MICT, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.510), BMI (p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.504) and waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.523). Groups with extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) improved VO 2peak by 14.8 and 17.3%, respectively. However, fasting glucose and blood lipid levels remained unchanged in all groups. Short-term LC is a useful approach to improve body composition in overweight/obese Chinese females. Incorporated exercise training has no additional effects on weight loss, but has additional benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness, and HIIT is more time efficient than the traditional MICT (2.5 min vs. 30 min).Nutrients 2019, 11, 3051 2 of 15 (LCs). Emerging evidence mainly derived from western countries has clearly shown that LCs could be effective dietary strategies for weight loss and the management of several common and rare pathological conditions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A meta-analysis has revealed that LCs had greater long-term effects on weight loss when compared to the traditional low-fat diets; furthermore, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure values were also more favorably altered in LCs [7]. Additionally, LC-induced weight loss is generally accompanied with several positive metabolic changes, including improvements in blood pressure, glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and certain lipids [8][9][10][11][12], which may have the potential to alleviate the features of metabolic disorder and reduce the risk factors associated with developing CVD and T2D. However, limited studies have tested whether LCs are also useful and feasible for the large Chinese overweight/obese population [11,13] given that people in China and in Western countries have distinct dietary patterns and preferences [14,15], which may lead to different levels of acceptance toward LCs. Furthermore, previous LC trials were invariably administered ad libitum without fixed daily energy intakes, or had an overemphasis on energy restriction [8,[10][11][12]16,17]. Undeniably, this approach is more effective and easier to implement in public practice, where researchers are unable to provide strict c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females

et al. 2019

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“…Exercise, sedentary time and cardiorespiratory fitness are independent predictors of metabolic health and cardiovascular disease risk [1][2][3]. Recent trend analyses indicate increased time spent sedentary, both at work and in leisure time [4,5], sustained or decreased levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [4,6], and decreased levels in cardiorespiratory fitness [7] over the last decade, which may have induced a greater variability in daily physical activity patterns and physical performance between individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent profile analysis patterns of exercise, sitting and fitness in adults – Associations with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms

et al. 2020

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To identify and describe the characteristics of naturally occurring patterns of exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness, and the association of such profiles with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms. Methods 64,970 participants (42% women, 18-75 years) participating in an occupational health service screening in 2014-2018 were included. Exercise and sitting were self-reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using a submaximal cycle test. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles. BMI and blood pressure were assessed through physical examination. Perceived back/neck pain, overall stress, global health, and sleeping problems were self-reported. Results Six profiles based on exercise, sitting in leisure time and at work and cardiorespiratory fitness were identified and labelled; Profile 1 "Inactive, low fit and average sitting in leisure, with less sitting at work"; Profile 2 "Inactive, low fit and sedentary"; Profile 3 "Active and average fit, with less sitting at work"; Profile 4 "Active, average fit and sedentary in leisure, with a sedentary work" (the most common profile, 35% of the population); Profile 5 "Active and fit, with a sedentary work"; Profile 6 "Active and fit, with less sitting at work". Some pairwise similarities were found between profiles (1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6), mainly based on similar levels of exercise, leisure time sitting and fitness, which translated into similar dose-response

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“…Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, with back pain and stiffness as main symptoms and encompassing both non-radiographic and radiographic axSpA (ankylosing spondylitis) [ 1 , 2 ]. The literature shows that axSpA is associated with both decreased cardiorespiratory fitness [ 3 – 6 ] and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [ 7 , 8 ], which are interrelated [ 9 – 12 ]. Adequately dosed aerobic physical activity (PA) according to public health recommendations improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people with axSpA [ 13 , 14 ] and might reduce the cardiovascular risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequately dosed aerobic physical activity in people with axial spondyloarthritis: associations with physical therapy

et al. 2020

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Introduction This study aimed to compare the engagement in moderate-and vigorous-intensity PA in axSpA patients with and without current physical therapy (PT). Methods In this cross-sectional study, a survey, including current PT treatment (yes/no) and PA, using the 'Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing PA' (SQUASH), was sent to 458 axSpA patients from three Dutch hospitals. From the SQUASH, the proportions meeting aerobic PA recommendations (≥ 150 min/week moderate-, ≥ 75 min/week vigorousintensity PA or equivalent combination; yes/no) were calculated. To investigate the association between PT treatment and meeting the PA recommendations, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusting for sex, age, health status and hospital. Results The questionnaire was completed by 200 patients, of whom 68%, 50% and 82% met the moderate-, vigorous-or combined-intensity PA recommendations, respectively. Ninety-nine patients (50%) had PT treatment, and those patients were more likely to meet the moderate-(OR 2.09 [95% CI 1.09-3.99]) or combined-intensity (OR 3.35 [95% CI 1.38-8.13]) PA recommendations, but not the vigorous-intensity PA recommendation (OR 1.53 [95% CI 0.80-2.93]). Aerobic exercise was executed in 19% of individual PT programs. Conclusion AxSpA patients with PT were more likely to meet the moderate-and combined-intensity PA recommendations, whereas there was no difference in meeting the vigorous-intensity PA recommendation. Irrespective of having PT treatment, recommendations for vigorous-intensity PA are met by only half of the patients. Implementation should thus focus on aerobic PA in patients without PT and on vigorous-intensity PA in PT programs.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: an Update

Cited by 175 publications

References 101 publications

Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females

Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females

Latent profile analysis patterns of exercise, sitting and fitness in adults – Associations with metabolic risk factors, perceived health, and perceived symptoms

Adequately dosed aerobic physical activity in people with axial spondyloarthritis: associations with physical therapy

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