Cardiorespiratory Responses to Shallow Water Exercise: A Sex Comparison

Fisher, Mitchell Garant; Miller, Laura J.; Tesfaye, Jerusalem; Roemer, Karen; D'Acquisto, Debra Mary; D'Acquisto, Leonardo J.

doi:10.25035/ijare.11.03.05

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Ten studies required special underwater equipment to conduct the protocol. Most papers did not report any pretest screening with some studies using health questionnaires or medical screenings [ 10 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Only one study [ 37 ] reported a land treadmill stress test as a pretest screening.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head-Out Water-Based Protocols to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness—Systematic Review

Ogonowska-Słodownik

Geigle

Morgulec‐Adamowicz

2020

IJERPH

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The aquatic environment offers cardiorespiratory training and testing options particularly for individuals unable to adequately train or test on land because of weight bearing, pain or disability concerns. No systematic review exists describing cardiorespiratory fitness protocols used in an aquatic environment. This review investigated the different head-out water-based protocols used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. Our comprehensive, systematic review included 41 studies with each included paper methodological quality assessed using the statistical review of general papers checklist. Diverse protocols arose with three major categories identified: conducted in shallow water, deep water, and using special equipment. Thirty-seven articles presented data for peak/maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak/VO2max). Twenty-eight of 37 studies predefined criteria for reaching a valid VO2peak/VO2max with shallow water exercise demonstrating 20.6 to 57.2 mL/kg/min; deep water running 20.32 to 48.4 mL/kg/min; and underwater treadmill and cycling 28.64 to 62.2 mL/kg/min. No single, accepted head-out water-based protocol for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness arose. For clinical use three cardiorespiratory fitness testing concepts ensued: water temperature of 28–30 °C with difference of maximum 1 °C between testing participants and/or testing sessions; water depth adapted for participant aquatic experiences and abilities; and intensity increment of 10–15 metronome beats per minute.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water temperature ranged between 27.5 to 32 °C and water immersion levels between waist/umbilicus to shoulders. Only six studies reported warm up [ 29 , 30 , 37 , 46 , 48 , 51 ]. Starting intensity and increasing intensity were based upon metronome setting or rate of perceived exertion (RPE).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-Out Water-Based Protocols to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness—Systematic Review

Ogonowska-Słodownik

Geigle

Morgulec‐Adamowicz

2020

IJERPH

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“…Research on Tabata training was documented internationally [31,34,35,36,37]. However, there was still limited studies investigating the effects of the aquatic-based Tabata training method to improve physical fitness in athletes in situational sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic-Based Tabata training: a training system to improve physical fitness of athletes in situational sports

Isnaini,

Setiawan,

Gani

et al. 2023

HSR

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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of aquatic-based Tabata training on increasing the physical fitness level of athletes in situational sports through a mixed study. Material and methods: This study adopted a quantitative and qualitative (mixed) approach. Research involved participants who were athletes in situational sports, namely martial arts (n=20) football (n=20). Situational sports are sports with a changing situation during competitive activity. These include sports games and martial arts. Participants were allocated into two groups, namely an experimental group that received an aquatic-based Tabata training program and a control group that carried out normal training. Quantitative instruments for measuring physical fitness was leg dynamometer test, squat jumps, 10 meter running tests, shuttle runs, sit and reach and multi-stage. Meanwhile qualitative instrument involved in-depth interviews for 30 minutes. Quantitative statistical analysis used IBM SPSS to obtain normality, descriptive statistics. Meanwhile, the Independent samples t-test used to test differences in physical fitness values between the before and after of experiment. Paired sample t-test serves to test whether there is an effect of the experimental and control groups on the level of physical fitness. Qualitative statistical analysis through thematic, namely coded and categorized into three themes. Results: The first finding in the quantitative study showed that there was no difference in the physical fitness of the experimental and control group athletes before the experiment (p>0.05). The second finding that aquatic-based Tabata training had a significant effect on increasing physical fitness (p<0.05), but there was no increase in physical fitness in the control group (p>0.05). The third finding is that there are differences in the physical fitness of the experimental and control group athletes after getting the experiment (p<0.05). Meanwhile qualitative result shows that the athletes agreed that the aquatic-based Tabata training program was easy, fun and efficient to use and saves time. In addition, they also assumed that this training had a big impact in improving physical fitness, but this training also has challenges, namely it could not be applied to pre-teens athletes and has the risk to cause injury if the athletes were not carried out an optimal warming up and not serious in carrying out the training program. Conclusions: This study concluded that aquatic-based Tabata training was proven to be one of the effective training systems to improve the physical fitness of athletes in situational sports.

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Cardiorespiratory Responses to Shallow Water Exercise: A Sex Comparison

Cited by 2 publications

References 46 publications

Head-Out Water-Based Protocols to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness—Systematic Review

Head-Out Water-Based Protocols to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness—Systematic Review

Aquatic-Based Tabata training: a training system to improve physical fitness of athletes in situational sports

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