Cardiotoxicity in rabbits after a low-level exposure to diazinon, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos

Abstract

<jats:p> Lethal cardiac complications leading to death and various arrhythmias have been reported after organophosphate and/or carbamate poisonings. The present study focuses on the long-term effects of repeated low-level exposure to diazinon, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos (CPF) on cardiac function in rabbits. The yearly based experimental scheme of exposure consisted of two oral administration periods, lasting 3 months and 1 month each, interrupted by an 8-month washout period (total duration 12 months). At the end of the experimental scheme, the rabbits underwent an echocardiographic evaluation under sedation, after which they were killed and the tissue and serum samples were collected. A mild localized cardiotoxic effect was established by echocardiography for the three pesticides tested. Severe histological alterations were identified, especially in the diazinon-treated animals in agreement with increased persistence of this pesticide established in the cardiac tissue. In addition, all pesticides tested increased the oxidative stress and oxidative modifications in the genomic DNA content of the cardiac tissues, each one following a distinct mechanism. </jats:p>

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and the Incidence of Lung Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study

“…Contrary to earlier AHS evaluations, we also saw no evidence of an association between lung cancer and chlorpyrifos (Alavanja et al 2004; Lee et al 2004) or carbofuran (Alavanja et al 2004; Bonner et al 2005) use. There is experimental mechanistic evidence that chlorpyrifos can induce oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage (Ojha and Srivastava 2014; Zafiropoulos et al 2014) and that carbofuran may be genotoxic (Mladinic et al 2012). The proportion of AHS cohort members using either chlorpyrifos or carbofuran has declined since enrollment (Hoppin et al 2012).…”

Occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides and cytokine pathways in chronic diseases (Review)

“…They reported higher levels of cholesterol, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ and Rantes in plasma, supporting the evidence that the modifications detected in adult rats may be the result of epigenetic alterations occurring during the neonatal age, leading to alterations in chemokines related to cardiac function. Zafiropoulos et al evaluated the effect of repeated low-level exposure to diazinon, propoxur and chlorpyrifos on the cardiac function of rabits and showed that these produce modifications in genomic DNA from cardiac tissues and increase the oxidative stress ( 95 ). In another study, following the administration of omethoate to rats, it was shown that the TNF-α level in cerebral tissue was significantly higher than that observed in the control group ( 96 ).…”

Long-term exposure to cypermethrin and piperonyl butoxide cause liver and kidney inflammation and induce genotoxicity in New Zealand white male rabbits

“…Hematoxylin stains the nuclei within cells blue and eosin stains the cytoplasm of cells pink. Results from histopathology tests help to clarify in combination with genotoxicity tests, the adverse effects from the exposure of chemical substances, such as pesticides, and their potential impact as shown in various studies (Abdel-Tawab et al, 2015, Marx-Stoelting et al, 2015, Tsitsimpikou et al, 2013, Zafiropoulos et al, 2014. The possible toxic outcome when one or more chemical substances are applied together is the result of agent-to-agent interactions, toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic interactions.…”